Soviet Transport Trends, 1950–1990

This paper examines links between the Soviet transport sector and other sectors of the economy. In the 1970s, the transport sector was perceived as a bottleneck. As growth slowed in the late 70s, howevar, the transport sector was able to meet the economy's demands. At present, the transportation of oil and gas is placing an increasing burden on the transport sector, but pipelines can absorb the demands, freeing up rail transport capacity for other commodities. The willingness of Soviet officials to make the appropriate administrative reforms, apply new technologies and increase investment in this sector will determine transport's ability to meet future demands. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: 052, 124, 731.     

The Imagined Globe: Remapping the World Through Public Diplomacy at the Asia Society

Debates about public diplomacy have recently turned to the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in what had been primarily a conversation about state-to-state affairs. We contribute to this conversation through an in-depth analysis of the Asia Society. Founded by John D. Rockefeller III in 1956, the Asia Society was established to educate Americans about Asia at a time when there was much less contact between the USA and Asia. Since then, the institution has undergone several reinventions, each contributing to and reflecting changing understandings of Asia and its relationship to the USA. We track the kinds of artwork the Asia Society collects and puts on display, the range of countries it categorizes as Asian, and the goals and content of its programming to reveal these shifts in scale and focus and demonstrate how they mirror and drive forward shifts in US-Asian relations. We argue that understanding how cultural institutions contribute to changing geographic imaginaries and geopolitics is an important, often overlooked aspect of public diplomacy. They are both a catalyst and reflection of changing political economic dynamics that, in turn, shape how citizens imagine their world and their nation’s place within it.

     

Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration from Adolescence to Young Adulthood: Trajectories and the Role of Familial Factors

Prior empirical research on intimate partner violence (IPV) in adolescence and young adulthood often focuses on exposure to violence in the family-of-origin using retrospective and cross-sectional data. Yet individuals’ families matter beyond simply the presence or absence of abuse, and these effects may vary across time. To address these issues, the present study employed five waves of longitudinal data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS) to investigate the trajectory of IPV from adolescence to young adulthood (N = 950 respondents, 4,750 person-periods) with a specific focus on how familial factors continue to matter across the life course. Results indicated that family-of-origin violence and parent-child relationship quality were independent predictors of IPV. The effect of parent-child relationship quality on IPV also became greater as individuals aged. These results have implications for policies targeted at reducing IPV.     

杆状病毒表达的猪传染性胃肠炎病毒钉状糖蛋白在其血清学诊断上的应用

利用从猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（ＴＧＥＶ）Ｍｉｌｅｒ株（Ｍ５Ｃ）克隆建立的一株重组杆状病毒（Ｒ２－２）表达的重组ＴＧＥＶ钉状糖蛋白（Ｓ），建立了一种阻断酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）来检测猪群抗ＴＧＥＶ抗体。试验表明，用重组病毒Ｒ２－２接种ｓｆ９细胞（ｓｐｏｄｏｐｔｅｒａｆｒｕｇｉｐｅｒｄａ）所表达的重组蛋白量在接种后第７２ｈ达到最高值；该重组蛋白能与抗ＴＧＥＶＳ蛋白Ａ位点的单克隆抗体特异性结合。用阻断ＥＬＩＳＡ检测６８份来自无ＴＧＥＶ感染或ＴＧＥＶ（Ｐｕｒｄｕｅｌ５）免疫的仔猪或母猪血清，结果与ＴＧＥＶ蚀斑减数试验完全相符，灵敏度和特异性均为１００％。同时检测来自ＴＧＥＶ试验免疫猪、美国部分地区猪群、我国进口猪以及我国国内猪群血清６２７份，阳性检出率分别为８２．６１％、６１．６２％、５８．３３％和２９．１０％；用中和试验（微量中和试验或病毒蚀斑减数试验）检测的ＴＧＥ血清抗体阳性率分别为８０．８７％、５９．６０％、５６．１１％和３０．６０％，两种方法对抗ＴＧＥＶ抗体的检出率没有显著差异。