乙肝Ⅲ号合近红外信息辐照治疗乙型肝炎肝纤维化的临床研究

目的：观察乙肝Ⅲ号合近红外信息辐照治疗乙型肝炎肝纤维化的疗效。方法：选择乙型肝炎肝纤维化住院病人234例，分为乙肝Ⅲ号治疗组(76例)、近红外信息辐照组(73例)和联合治疗组(85例)。在基础治疗(包括甘利欣，复方丹参液等)上采用单纯的中药外敷、肝病治疗仪近红外信息辐照以及两联合治疗等三种不同方法，观察各组患临床症状、体征、肝功能以及相关指标如PGA、肝纤三项(透明质酸(HA)、层黏蛋白(LN)、CⅣ型胶原(CⅣ))、肝血流的变化。结果：3组皆能改善临床症状，但以联合治疗组为；3组肝功能复常比较，差异有显性，但组间比较，差异无显性；在改善PGA、肝纤三项和肝血流量方面，联合治疗组优于乙肝Ⅲ号治疗组和近红外信息辐照组。结论：乙肝Ⅲ号合近红外信息辐照对乙型肝炎肝纤维化有一定的治疗作用，且较单一方法疗效明显。     

The Importance of R&D for Innovation: A Reassessment Using French Survey Data

This paper compares the contribution of R&D to innovation in terms of the various innovation output measures provided by the third Community Innovation Survey (CIS 3) for French manufacturing firms and in terms of accounting for interindustry innovation differences.     

The stability of punishment: A follow-up of Blumstein's hypothesis

Because of the intrinsic relativity of social tolerance toward crime, the rate of punishment that a given society inflicts on its criminals is expected to remain relatively constant over the long term, in spite of social changes and increasing or decreasing crime rates. This paper reconstructs the penal behavior of Montreal's criminal justice from 1845 to 1913 and finds that the stability hypothesis, all things considered, works quite well and has much heuristic value. Three problems, somewhat bypassed in the existing literature, are dealt with here: the reliability of penal statistical time series, the direct empirical evidence of stabilization processes, and a rather crude way of measuring prison punishment. It is suggested, furthermore, that the stability hypothesis include in its future argument the impact of increasing policing and that it be confined tentatively to modern western societies.     

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