应用mtDNA COI基因序列鉴别常见嗜尸性蝇类种属

目的探讨mtDNA基因序列对常见嗜尸性蝇类的种属鉴别应用价值。方法收集不同区域2科4属6个种30个蝇类样本,提取样本线粒体DNA后扩增COI基因序列,以琼脂糖电泳检测扩增产物并测序,以DNAMAN6.0分析软件分别截取498bp序列,用MEGA5.2软件分别进行序列分析,然后构建系统发育树,比较各地区不同种属样本的序列差异。结果 6个种属的嗜尸性蝇类30个样本mtDNA的COI基因具有一定的序列差异,种内进化分歧均数在0.1%~1.6%之间,种间进化分歧均数在2.2%~11.2%之间,6个种属通过系统发育树均可明确区分。结论 COI基因序列分析和系统发育树对嗜尸性蝇类的种属检验具有重要帮助作用,可用于现场样本的准确、快速种属鉴定。     

大鼠死后管家基因mRNA稳定性及其时序性降解与PMI相关性研究

目的研究脑组织及骨骼肌内β-actin、GAPDH、RPL32、PKG1、SDHA、RPL13、HPRT、TBP、YWHAZ死后稳定性及其相对表达量与死亡时间(PMI)的相关性。方法取健康成年SD大鼠33只,依据据死亡时间不同随机分为11组(0h、1h、3h、6h、12h、24h、2d、4d、8d、16d、24d),分别在各时间点取大鼠胫骨前肌及脑组织约50mg,提取各组织总RNA,利用RT-q PCR技术检测9种管家基因的m RNA相对表达量。运用ge Norm、Norm Finder和Best Keeper软件对基因稳定性进行评价,利用spss软件对内参标准化的m RNA指标进行回归分析。结果脑组织及骨骼肌中均为HPRT稳定性最高,适合用于本研究的内参基因。脑组织中SDHA、RPL32及TBP 3种指标的相对表达量变化与PMI有一定的线性关系。骨骼肌中m RNA指标相对表达量与PMI之间没有显著的相关性。结论脑组织及骨骼肌是较适宜推断晚期死亡时间的检材。脑组织中SDHA、RPL32及TBP 3种m RNA的相对表达量变化与PMI有一定的线性关系,有望成为推断PMI的辅助指标。     

特殊体质受害人的侵权法救济——兼评指导案例24号

指导案例在司法实践中是如何被"参照"的,体现了指导案例独特的约束力.指导案例24号的规则和域外的蛋壳脑袋规则在体系结构和内容上存在明显不同.以中国裁判文书网中的相关民事判决为样本,对其中参照和没有参照指导案例的判决加以比较,发现指导案例不仅在交通事故领域,在人身权侵权、医疗侵权等领域也有影响力.司法实践通过损害是否可以预见、区分体质和疾病、将特殊体质的作用归类为"诱因"等方式,拒绝在一些案件中参照指导案例.这种偏离指导案例时的正当化说理其实是案例区分技术的中国版本,其恰恰证明而非否定了指导案例的约束力.     

提高高校思想政治教育实效性的方法探析

在高校思想政治教育中,实效性缺失成为亟待解决的问题。提高实效性应逐渐成为加强和改进大学生思想政治教育的关键。文章在对高校思想政治教育实效性缺失产生的原因进行分析的基础上,对改进高校思想政治教育方法,切实提高高校思想政治教育的实效性,提出了有针对性的建议。     

The application of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase II gene for the identification of forensically important blowflies in Western China

Blowflies found on human corpses are important for the estimation of the postmortem interval and other questions of forensic relevance. Some of these species are difficult to differentiate morphologically, and therefore a molecular method was elaborated for species identification. Here, we describe a molecular method for rapid identification of these insects. Specific insect DNA fragments were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction, followed by direct DNA sequencing of the amplification products. Analysis of the cytochrome oxidase II sequences revealed abundant phylogenetically informative nucleotide substitutions that could identify blowfly species to species group. In contrast, because of the low level of sequence divergence of sister species, the data could not distinguish among taxa from the same species group, ie, the species within the Lucilia sericata and Lucilia cuprina groups. The molecular data support the existing species group separation of the taxa within the Calliphora. Because of the speed and accuracy of current nucleotide sequencing technology and the abundant apomorphic substitutions available from mtDNA sequences, this approach enables quick identification of species used for estimation of postmortem interval.     

Postmortem serum catecholamine levels in relation to the cause of death

Catecholamines are major humoral factors and neurotransmitters that contribute to various stress responses. However, they have been considered unstable due to agony, terminal medical care and postmortem interference. The present study was a comprehensive investigation of postmortem serum levels of adrenaline (Adr), noradrenaline (Nad) and dopamine (DA) with regard to the cause of death in serial medicolegal autopsy cases (n=542) including fatalities from various traumas and diseases. There was a slight tendency toward postmortem increases of Nad and DA in cardiac blood as well as Adr and Nad in peripheral blood, a slight age-dependent decrease in Adr and DA in right heart blood, and a marked increase in serum DA due to administration during critical medical care. When these factors were taken into consideration, significantly higher cardiac blood levels were observed for Adr and Nad in injury and asphyxiation cases and for Adr in fatal methamphetamine (MA) abuse and other poisoning cases, whereas those levels were lower in fatal hypothermia. Drowning, fire fatality, acute cardiac death and cerebrovascular disease showed intermediate Adr and Nad levels. The DA level was elevated in cases of injury, hyperthermia, MA fatality and other poisoning. Topographical analyses suggested that the major sources of increased serum catecholamines in cases of injury was abdominal viscera including adrenal glands, and that in cases of asphyxiation, drowning, fire fatality, hyperthermia, MA fatality, other poisoning, acute cardiac death and cerebrovascular disease was the extremities in addition to abdominal viscera. However, there was in part a large case-to-case difference in each marker related to individual causes of death. These findings differed markedly from clinical observations and suggest that the postmortem serum catecholamine levels may reflect the magnitude of physical stress responses during the process of death in individual cases.     

血液中乙醇保存稳定性研究

目的确定血液中乙醇最佳保存条件,探讨影响血液中乙醇含量稳定性的主要因素。方法对血液保存的温度(-20、4、20℃)、防腐剂(NaF、无防腐剂、Na2O2)、储存容器中空气所占比例(0%、25%、50%)和血醇质量浓度(0.2、0.8、2.0mg/mL)四个因素采用正交试验L9(34)方法分组,样本采用顶空气相色谱法进行测定,测定结果采用方差分析进行讨论。结果在20℃保存且不加入防腐剂的两组样本中血醇浓度变化明显,其余变化不明显。结论血液样本在4℃、储存容器中空气比例为50%和加防腐剂(NaF)的条件下保存,稳定性最佳;四个影响因素中温度为影响血液中乙醇含量稳定性的主要因素。     

信息传播与农村基层民主建设——对城乡一体化进程中黄石村现状的调研与思考

城乡一体化的过程不是简单的将"蛋糕"做大,我们更应该关注的是村民在其中得到了哪些应有的权益,在村民社会保障、生活状况、制度支持方面有没有进步。我们应思考在转化过程中,村民是如何来表达他们的利益诉求,政府发布的法律和政策如何有效地得到贯彻实施,这种政府初衷和村民愿望怎么才能达到有效结合。信息传播是解决这些问题的切入点之一,能为基层民主建设提供平台。     

民愤的刑法解读

民愤是没有直接关系的社会民众,由于刑事个案的特殊性而产生的朴素而强烈的道德情感。民愤的思想根源是中国文化的"天理"思想,受现实刑事个案某种特殊性的激发而产生。民愤属于社会范畴,只对具体案件有一定影响,但不能作为量刑的法律根据。     

浅析基层公安机关警力不足的原因及解决对策

目前,基层公安机关警力不足已成为制约和困扰公安工作的一道难题。究其根源主要在于治安形势千变万化、工作任务日益增加、机构设置不规范、运行机制不科学、编制管理不科学、录用机制不合理和部分民警素质偏低等。要突破警力不足的瓶颈,全面提升公安工作和队伍建设水平,应通过创新工作模式、规范机构设置和编制管理、改革录用体制、坚持科技强警、完善培训机制、减少非警务活动、提高民警综合素质和壮大辅警力量等措施来解决。