Future orientation: Age-related differences among adolescent females

The main objective of this study was to examine age-related differences in adolescent orientation to the future. Analysis of the hopes and fears for the future of 124 Israeli Jewish females who were in junior high school, senior high school, and senior year of college examined two alternative hypotheses. One, derived from the 1977 least necessary expenditure principle of Heckhausen, predicted differences among the three age groups, and the other, derived from the 1986 social control and continuity principle of Kohli, predicted no such differences. Results showed greater support for the hypothesis derived from the least necessary expenditure principle. However, sample characteristics (size, one-gender, one cultural group) and the cross-sectional design of this study call for additional examination of age differences and their explanation in terms of the least necessary expenditure and the social control and continuity principles.Received Ph.D. in psychology from Hebrew University, Jerusalem. Major research interest is adolescent transitions in sociocultural context.     

Parental bonding and adult attachment styles in different types of stalker

Attachment theory is one of the earliest and most vigorously promoted explanations of the psychological processes that underlie stalking behavior. Insecure attachment has been proposed as impairing the management of relationships, thus increasing the propensity to stalk. The current study explored the parental bonding and adult attachment styles of 122 stalkers referred to a specialist forensic clinic. Stalkers were grouped according to two common classification methods: relationship and motivation. Compared to general community samples, stalkers were more likely to remember their parents as emotionally neglectful and have insecure adult attachment styles, with the degree of divergence varying according to stalker type and mode of classification. In offering support for the theoretical proposition that stalking evolves from pathological attachment, these findings highlight the need to consider attachment in the assessment and management of stalkers. Also emphasized is the importance of taking classification methods into account when interpreting and evaluating stalking research.     

Representation and Inclusion in Public Organizations: Evidence from the U.K. Civil Service

Theories of workforce diversity in the public sector assume that organizations that are more representative of the population they serve are more likely to foster an inclusive work climate in which individuals from different sections of society can thrive. The authors examine this assumption by studying whether gender and minority ethnic representativeness are related to perceptions of inclusiveness and the experience of discrimination and bullying within U.K. civil service organizations. Findings suggest that gender representativeness and minority ethnic representativeness are both associated with an inclusive work climate, with each aspect of representativeness positively related to higher perceptions of inclusion and lower levels of discrimination and bullying. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.     

Technology diffusion through foreign assistance: Making renewable energy sources available to the world's poor

This paper examines the role of foreign assistance organizations in promoting the diffusion of renewable energy systems to the rural sectors of the world. The first section discusses the background to the current energy problems of much of the developing world - spiraling world prices for fossil fuels, a lack of indigenous reserves of petroleum, and rapidly expanding populations - and the results of these factors.The major portion of the article examines the current approaches of the foreign assistance community to an alternation solution to the energy problem of developing countries - the introduction, adaptation, and diffusion of renewable energy technologies.The final section of the article examines the impacts of the foreign assistance procedures on the acceptance of these new technologies. It argues for the importance of local participation, for technology adaptation to local customs, traditions and needs, and for the sharing of information developed by donor organizations on the performance of renewable energy systems in the field.This paper originally was prepared for the Technology and Public Policy Workshop held in conjunction with Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Technology and Policy Program on February 16–17, 1979. The sponsorship of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the Solar Energy Research Institute or its sponsor, the US Department of Energy.