认真履行政府责任 积极开展法律援助——北京市法律援助工作纪要

法律援助,是由政府设立的法律援助机构,组织法律援助人员和社会志愿人员,为经济困难的公民或特殊案件的当事人提供免费的法律服务,以保障其合法权益得以实现的一项法律保障制度。法律援助作为政府的责任,体现了"法律面前人人平等"的宪法原则。文章记录了北京市法律援助工作十余年的探索之路。     

Reducing intimate partner homicides: The effects of federally-funded shelter service availability in California

Over twenty-five years of policy and scholarly attention to the problem of intimate partner violence appears to have generated greater victim safety. Intimate partner homicides, the most serious form of violence between intimates, have been declining for nearly three decades in many contexts, but not all. This study built on a small number of studies that had advanced knowledge about the policy-relevant factors behind the intimate partner homicide decline. The analysis described here utilized a set of county-level data from California from 1987 to 2000 to estimate the effects of shelter-based service availability on race/ethnicity-specific female intimate partner homicide victimization. The study relied on a new measure of service availability in an attempt to overcome limitations with previously used indicators. This analysis did not reveal an effect of shelter-based service availability and criminal justice system responses on changes in female intimate partner homicide victimizations. Reasons for these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.     

关于地方重复立法问题的思考——正确理解并遵循立法的科学原则

我国一些地方立法在内容和结构上都大量重复中央立法或其他地方立法。有些地方立法人员的知识结构和思维方式的不足、对立法权限的理解偏差、立法审查体制对立法责任的忽略是造成地方立法重复的主要原因。解决地方重复立法的问题需要正确理解立法的科学原则,并进行立法科学原则的制度化探索,建立包括静态和动态的完整、系统的立法科学制度措施,提高立法科学原则的实践操作性,才能有效解决地方重复立法问题,提高地方立法的质量。     

依法规范地方人大常委会与垂直管理机构的关系

地方人大常委会与垂直管理机构的关系是地方人大常委会行使监督权的难点之一,其主要体现在权限分工、执法保障和工作协助等方面.依法规范地方人大常委会与垂直管理机构的关系需要正确认识和处理中央与地方之间,以及同级地方党委、人大、政府与垂直管理机构之间职责权限的划分,依法确立地方人大常委会与垂直管理机构之间的联系和协助关系,并建立地方人大常委会对垂直管理机构的执法保证机制.     

2C：一种适宜创意产业分析的新理论模型——基于发达国家创意小镇经验的研究

本文通过对美欧三个小镇的分析,提出了促进创意产业发展的2C（即特色与交流）模式。本文认为,这一新模式适应我国的特有国情,它的合理运用不但可以促进我国较为发达的城市地区创意产业的均衡发展,更可以为我国广大欠发达地区推进特色创意产业的发展提供新的发展思路和必要的理论支撑。     

中国大学校长领导能力研究演变综述

大学校长能力研究的内容非常丰富,主要包括领导特质、领导行为、领导权变模型等方面的内容。对大学校长领导能力的研究方法也可分定性研究及定量研究。本文采用文献研究的方法,对我国大学校长领导能力研究的演变模式及研究方法进行了系统的梳理,并对研究内容及研究方法提出了进一步的展望。     

Parents’ Perspectives on Family‐centered Care in Juvenile Justice Institutions

Family‐centered care during adolescent detention aims to increase parental participation in an attempt to optimize treatment outcomes. However, little is known about parents’ needs in family‐centered care. To fill this gap, we interviewed 19 purposefully selected parents of detained adolescents using a semi‐structured topic list. Although needs differed between parents, they were generally interested in activities that included spending time with their child. It is important for parents to receive timely information about their child's condition and treatment, detention procedures, and activities in the facility. The outcomes demonstrated that parents expected a two‐way communication based on respect and reliability.     

Discrimination of Geographical Origin of Asian Garlic Using Isotopic and Chemical Datasets under Stepwise Principal Component Analysis

Isotopic compositions of δ²H, δ¹⁸O, δ¹³C, and δ¹⁵N and concentrations of 22 trace elements from garlic samples were analyzed and processed with stepwise principal component analysis (PCA) to discriminate garlic's country of origin among Asian regions including South Korea, Vietnam, Taiwan, and China. Results indicate that there is no single trace‐element concentration or isotopic composition that can accomplish the study's purpose and the stepwise PCA approach proposed does allow for discrimination between countries on a regional basis. Sequentially, Step‐1 PCA distinguishes garlic's country of origin among Taiwanese, South Korean, and Vietnamese samples; Step‐2 PCA discriminates Chinese garlic from South Korean garlic; and Step‐3 and Step‐4 PCA, Chinese garlic from Vietnamese garlic. In model tests, countries of origin of all audit samples were correctly discriminated by stepwise PCA. Consequently, this study demonstrates that stepwise PCA as applied is a simple and effective approach to discriminating country of origin among Asian garlics.     

QuEChERS方法在法医毒物分析领域的研究进展

在中毒或疑似中毒案件中,毒物鉴定对于提供侦查线索与犯罪证据、澄清案件性质、还原犯罪过程具有重要意义。基于液液萃取和分散固相萃取原理而建立起来的QuEChERS方法,由于其快速、简单、廉价、高效、可靠、安全等优势,正逐渐应用于法医毒物分析的样品前处理过程中。本文综述了QuEChERS方法的基本原理及其在提取和净化等过程中的优化改进,重点详述近年来QuEChERS方法在法医毒物分析领域的应用现状,并对未来发展方向进行展望。     

死亡人体胸肌组织中rRNA亚基的稳定性评价

目的观察尸体胸大肌组织中rRNA各亚基表达水平的死后稳定性,探讨其在死亡时间推断中应用的价值。方法选取6例（3例成人、3例婴幼儿）外界温、湿度环境基本一致、死亡时间基本一致（24h以内）的个体,提取左侧胸大肌组织,在PBS缓冲液中低温冻存,分别在尸检即刻、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10d提取微量组织保存于RNA固定液中,通过实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测rRNA 5srRNA、5.8srRNA、18srRNA、28srRNA亚基的表达水平。并分析年龄、死因对rRNA亚基表达水平的影响。结果死后各时间点rRNA各亚基的表达随死后经过时间延长无显著性降解,Ct值变化与死后经过时间无相关性（P值均大于0.05）,其中5s rRNA在18.503±2.655~20.937±2.340之间,5.8s rRNA在17.687±3.011~20.617±2.204之间,18s rRNA在16.457±3.920~22.330±2.571之间,28s rRNA在15.077±6.051~22.207±2.685之间。结论人体胸肌组织中rRNA各亚基稳定性好,其各亚基的表达量与死因、年龄无关,适于作为晚期死亡的推断的内参基因。