检察机关配置技术侦查权研究

在新一轮司法改革的过程中,优化检察机关技术侦查权的配置是检察工作科学发展的一个重要内容.当前职务犯罪的新变化以及司法改革的大趋势使得给检察机关配置技术侦查权具有相当的必要性和正当性,但同时也应当对其有所规制.     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法检验人血浆中的右美托咪定

目的采用固相萃取结合气相色谱-质谱法(SPE-GC/MS)检验人血浆中盐酸右美托咪定。方法采用SPE提取血浆,用GC-MS/MS方法测定。结果盐酸右美托咪定在0.2μg/m L~5.0μg/m L范围内与峰面积呈现良好的线性关系(r2=0.999 1),检出限为20.0ng/m L,回收率为86.1%~91.5%,日内日间精密度均小于7.86%。结论本方法操作简单,结果准确,可以作为测定人血浆中右美托咪定的方法。     

中国汉族人群41个STR基因座突变情况的观察分析

目的调查41个STR基因座在中国汉族人群中的突变情况。方法收集1 932个三联体家系4 546份血样本,采用AGCU_21+1、AGCU_EX22、Global Filer_Express~(TM)系统扩增41个STR基因座分型,统计各基因座发生突变的频率。结果 150个三联体在32个基因座共观察到154次突变,平均突变率为1.0×10~(-3)(95%CI:0.8~1.1×10~(-3)),突变率最高的是基因座SE33。其中一步突变152次(98.7%),两步突变2次(1.3%);146个三联体仅1个基因座发生突变(97.3%),4个三联体在2个基因座发生突变(2.7%);父、母来源突变比率约为4.7:1。结论 STR基因座等位基因突变现象较为常见,亲子鉴定时应引起注意。     

能动还是克制:一场尚无结果的美国司法辩论--评《司法能动主义》

作为一个多元社会,美国的政治生活中充斥着各色各样的辩论或争议。这样的争吵从立国之日就开始了,1787年宪法及其批准就是联邦派和反联邦派彼此较量、相互争吵、最终妥协的产物。妥协产生的宪法,其语言的模棱两可就不足为奇了。此外,宪法的时代局限性,又及制宪者身后美国翻天覆地的变化,都提出了宪法是否能够适应时代发展的疑问。于是,是重新订立一部新的宪法还是对宪法进行有限的修正,成为美国政治中颇有争议的问题。最终,美国人选择了后者。迄今为止的27条修正案使得1787年宪法延续了210多年的生命,成为一部名副其实的“活的宪法”。然而,…     

青少年犯罪后实施社区矫正的新模式——香港社区支援服务计划

香港自20世纪80年代开始推行以“社会为本,辅导为主”的犯罪矫治措施,强调以较宽容的态度处理轻微罪行的青少年,尽量避免让犯罪青少年进入司法审讯制度内,避免把犯事的青少年监禁起来,而是让青少年留在原来的社区里,改过自新,重新做人。在实践中,为了适应社会发展和社区的需要,香港又相继推出了“社区为本”的自新计划,其中就包括社区支援服务计划。     

论未成年人刑事检察国际标准之落实

作为刑事追诉对象的未成年人，处于双重不利地位，其正当权利容易受到忽视和侵害。有关国际组织制定了检察机构专业化、教育感化等刑事检察国际标准。我国已经加入相关公约，在立法上也类似规定，积极地接近国际标准但也存在着专业化实质缺乏、轻缓措施不足等差距，需要进一步完善。     

The unfinished business of the Solomon Islands TRC: closing the implementation gap

In 2012, the Solomon Islands truth and reconciliation commission (TRC) submitted its Final Report to the Solomon Islands Government. The Report detailed the underlying and proximate causes of the conflict, provided a record of the injustices perpetrated during its course, and presented a set of recommendations designed both to address the underlying sources of tension in Solomon Islands society and to guard against future hostilities. In the time that has since elapsed, however, successive Solomon Islands Governments have failed to uphold their obligations to publish the report and implement its recommendations. This article examines the reasons for this implementation gap and considers its ingoing ramifications for transitional justice and reconciliation in the Solomon Islands. It argues that the implementation gap can be attributed to a fundamental lack of political will, provoked by the TRC's decision to ‘name names,’ combined with the extremely limited economic capacity of the state. What is more, it also demonstrates that the failure to implement key recommendations has meant that the underlying causes of the conflict remain without adequate redress and that the legitimacy of the TRC and the Solomon Islands’ broader reconciliation process has been brought into serious question.     

The Dynamics of Enlargement in International Organizations

Most international organizations (IOs) expand their membership over the course of their lifespan. Although these enlargements tend to be heralded as normatively positive — for the IOs themselves, for the new members, and for cooperative outcomes more generally — expansions can also lead to conflicts in the organization. What conditions lead to enlargement rounds that reshape an organization in unexpected ways? We argue that, depending upon the diversity of the initial group of countries, members may vote to admit new entrants that can tilt organizational decision-making in unexpected directions. We anticipate fewer enlargements with lesser impact on the character of the organization among organizations that have either a smaller range of founding members or a relatively even initial dispersion. We develop an agent-based model that accounts for the complex decision-making environment and social dynamics that typify IO accession processes. The model helps us explain how the nature of decision-making in organizations can shift following enlargement, likely changing the organization’s output and goals.     

Heroic Action and Its Discontents: Safe Horizon’s Response to 9/11

Based on first-hand qualitative research, this article describes and analyzes the significant role that a local, New York City-based social service agency played in responding to 9/11; the sources of its notable ability to provide assistance to individuals and families affected by this terrorist attack; and the structural strains and unanticipated divisions within the agency that the heroism of its fervid engagement nevertheless engendered.

中国现代化转型中的文化与制度关系之探讨

文章将文化和制度分别界定为文化观念和"正式规则".其实,归根结底说来,文化观念的形成和积淀、制度的形构和变迁皆导源于人类的社会生产实践;就历史发展的特定阶段而言,文化观念是制度的发生学意义上的直接来源.文化观念在不同的内源性和外源性制度变迁模式和制度变迁的不同阶段会有不同的作用,需做具体分析.如此才能超越"文化是体制之母"和"制度决定文化"的循环论证.从文化视角分析中国现代化进程中的制度及其变迁,突破了传统意义上把文化作为"剩余变量"排除在制度之外的做法,有利于为中国的制度变迁提供文化支撑.