建构主义视域中的风险及其动态治理——以面粉增白剂的存废为例

风险是未来损失的可能性,具有社会建构的特征,"面粉增白剂"之争验证了建构主义风险理论。在建构主义视域中,风险治理不仅要使风险最小化,还要实现其他的政治和道德目标,并对影响风险的诸多因素进行反思。风险的动态治理,是实现制度动态效率的必然选择。它的有效性以结果为导向,合理性以未来为导向,进而需要不断学习,吸收新思想新观念,并逐步形成一种新的治理文化。     

政府部门知识共享行为的实证研究

本文从政府部门的信息技术水平,政府部门个体的知识共享动机,以及政府知识共享的组织氛围等维度构建政府部门知识共享行为的理论模型。论文采用大样本问卷调查的方法在政府部门公务人员中开展实证研究,对模型的适用性进行检验。研究结果表明,政府部门的外部奖励对个体知识共享意愿之间没有相关关系,知识共享意愿与知识共享的组织氛围对于知识共享行为的影响作用非常大。研究结论可为政府部门提高公务员的知识共享行为提供有益借鉴。     

我国集体土地征收制度改革的路径选择

集体土地征收制度改革的关键在于保障农民的土地财产权,分配好土地在征收出让过程中产生的增值收益,在各方主体的利益需求与矛盾冲突中寻找一种新的制度平衡。本文在分析现行集体土地征收制度不协调的内在机理的基础上,构建了我国集体土地征收制度改革路径模型,提出了以集体组织为交易主体的农村建设用地直接入市和政府职能转变并举为重点的四种路径选择,探讨了改革面临的土地增值收益分配难点问题,为推进我国征地制度改革提供了可借鉴的思路和建议。     

低碳视角下政府绩效评价体系研究

政府绩效评价已经成为世界各国政府改革的重要组成部分,在一定程度上提高了政府的行政效率和服务能力,但其有效性受到不同社会经济环境下政府行为价值取向的影响。低碳经济时代赋予了政府新的职能,"低碳化"也成为了政府新的价值取向,文章在低碳经济视角下对政府职能进行重新定位,将"低碳"元素引入政府绩效评价体系中,从评价主体的选择、评价指标的设计、评价方法的确定和评价结果的管理四个方面,对政府绩效评价体系进行了探讨,这对于我国建设低碳政府和推动低碳经济的发展有着重要的现实意义。     

中国服务型政府建设的基本经验与未来

服务型政府是落实科学发展观的根本途径,也是政府改革的重要目标。近十年来,通过确立服务型政府基本理念、构建基本公共服务体系和改革公共财政体制、创新公共服务供给机制等,我国服务型政府建设取得了重要进展。但政府间职责分工不合理,社会政策体系整体规划缺失,以及公共服务供给机制不完善,使得发展型政府难以超越,政府转型远未完成。在新的历史起点上建设服务型政府,除了进一步明确服务型政府建设的目标,巩固、确立新的政府管理体制和社会政策体系等制度基础外,关键在于为政府转型构建一个强有力的社会基础。     

Competitors and Cooperators: A Micro‐Level Analysis of Regional Economic Development Collaboration Networks

Predispositions and orientation toward cooperation or competition with other jurisdictions can play a critical role in implementing regional collaboration. By examining collaboration at the micro level, this article investigates how individual factors, including perceptions of cooperation and competition, as well as institutional and environmental factors, are related to regional collaboration. In particular, the authors assert that competitive motivation may support the emergence of regional governance mechanisms. This article explores the relationships between competitive/cooperative motivations and interlocal collaboration networks based on a network survey conducted in the Orlando, Florida, metropolitan area. The authors apply a quadratic assignment procedure regression analysis to examine how dyadic conceptual ties of cooperation and competition, along with the effect of community characteristics, affect policy network structures for economic development. By comparing estimated coefficients with sampling distributions of coefficients from all of the permuted data sets, the regression results indicate the influences of perceived competition/cooperation on the network exchange.     

Imitating the West? Evidence on Administrative Reform from the Upper Echelons of Chinese Provincial Government

This article explores the attitudes of officials in the upper echelons in Chinese provincial and local government toward the origins of administrative reform. The authors examine the somewhat dichotomous argument that reform imitates the West or is indigenous and contend that both influences are present. Data drawn from a survey of party cadres and government officials show that cultural factors (time in government, overall knowledge of administrative reforms, together with familiarity with the move from a planned system of government to a market economy) and structural variables (upper echelon and familiarity with business management techniques) are correlated with learning from the West. Cadres and officials who spend more time managing outward and those who are familiar with performance assessment do not learn from the West. The theoretical and research implications of these findings—that learning from the West is an important influence on the adoption of administrative reforms in China—are discussed.