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151.
Rodney Hilton 《The Journal of peasant studies》2013,40(3):271-284
The stratification of the medieval peasantry cannot be attributed only to the markets in land and agricultural products. The division between the free and the unfree and between the holders of family subsistence holdings and inadequate smallholdings is found in periods of very low production for the market. The complex interplay between land availability, technical progress, inheritance and endowment customs, demands for rent and tax and the resistance capacity of the peasants must also be examined. The relative strength of these various factors changed considerably during the medieval period, especially between 1300 and 1500 circa, when the land:labour ratio shifted dramatically. 相似文献
152.
153.
Peter Barker David Childs Stephen Collins Corinna Dopke Josef Schmid Lothar Funk 《German politics》2013,22(1):153-168
Radical Transitions. The Survival and Revival of Entrepreneurship in the GDR. By Andreas Pickel. Boulder, San Francisco and Oxford: Westview Press, 1992. £25.95 pb. Europe and German Unification. By Renate Fritsch‐Bournazel. Oxford: Berg, 1992. £30 hb, £8.95 pb. The Oder‐Neisse Line ‐ A Reappraisal under International Law. By Philip A. Bühler. Boulder: Eastern European Monographs, distributed by Columbia University Press, 1990. $32.50 hb. Recasting the Ruhr, 1945–1958. Manpower, Economic Recovery and Labour Relations. By Mark Roseman. Oxford: Berg, 1992. £42 hb. The US Congress and the German Bundestag: Comparisons of Democratic Processes. Edited by Uwe Thaysen, Roger H. Davidson and Robert Gerald Livingston. Boulder, San Francisco, Oxford: Westview Press, 1990. £31.50 pb. Der verkappte Einheitsstaat. By Heidrun Abromeit. Opladen: Leske und Budrich, 1992. Wir Kollaborateure. Der Westen und die deutschen Vergangenheiten. Edited by Cora Stephan. Reinbeck bei Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1992. DM9.90 pb. Die CDU. Organisationsstrukturen, Politiken und Funktionsweisen einer Partei im Föderalismus. By josefschmid. Opladen: Leske und Budrich, 1990. DM48. Moscow, Germany and the West from Khruschchev to Gorbachev. By Michael J. Sodaro. London: I.B. Tauris, 1991. £29.95 hb, £12.95 pb. Deutsche Irrtümer. Schönfärberei und Helfershelfer der SED‐Diktatur im Westen. By Jens Hacker. Berlin: Ullstein, 1992. DM68 hb. Föderalismus in der Bewährung: die deutschen Länder vor der Herausforderung fortschreitender EG‐Integration. Edited by Bernhard Vogel and Günther H. Oettinger. Köln: Deutscher Gemeindeverlag/Kohlhammer, 1992. The Territorial Imperative: Pluralism, Corporatism, and Economic Crisis. By Jeffrey J. Anderson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. £35 hb. The Federal Republic of Germany and NATO: 40 Years After. Edited by E.J. Kirchner and J. Sperling. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1992. £45 hb. The Economy of United Germany: Colossus at the Crossroads. By W.R. Smyser. London: Hurst &; Co., 1992. £25 hb. 相似文献
154.
Rodney M. Brunt 《Intelligence & National Security》2013,28(1):129-148
The work of GCCS at BP has received much attention in recent years. Concentration, however, has been on the capture of Sigint by the interception services and the problems of decryption of messages in Enigma. Less attention has been placed on the documentation of the decrypts and the intelligence held by the factual indexes maintained by the Air, Military and Naval Sections. Lying behind these were the highly specialized devices which facilitated the translation and analysis of decrypted messages by providing the expansions of abbreviations common in all Sigint and the ‘equivalents’ of German and other terms. This paper describes the work of two specialist units, serving Hut 3 (Air and Military intelligence) and Hut 4 (Naval intelligence), engaged in the creation and maintenance of such devices. 相似文献
155.
156.
More of the Same? A Dual Case Study Approach to Examining Change Momentum in the Public Sector
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Laura Barker Tui McKeown Julie Wolfram Cox Melanie Bryant 《Australian Journal of Public Administration》2018,77(2):253-271
Despite the significant amount of change experienced by the public sector, there has been relatively limited empirical examination of how change agendas affect public sector employees in Australia. This article presents a comparative analysis of two Australian public sector organisations that implemented the same positive work change agenda, but experienced very different outcomes. Using a critical realist approach, we draw on a mix of qualitative techniques to suggest that textbook notions of ‘successful change’, which are often derived from large private sector expectations, may fail to capture the complex nature of how public sector change initiatives may unfold. In particular, we demonstrate how political, temporal, contextual, and process factors interact to shift change momentum. Illustrative examples are provided throughout and the findings are discussed in terms of their implications for theory building, for change facilitation, and for future research. 相似文献
157.
This article argues that a set of recent books published in advance of the 2016 U.S. presidential election provides a road map for understanding its outcome and a research agenda for political communication scholars in the years ahead. This article focuses on sociologist Arlie Hochschild’s Strangers in Their Own Land, a field study that documents the roles that identity, narratives, and emotions play in shaping the political beliefs and behavior of White Tea Party supporters. Building on these insights, through an analysis of 123 content analyses published in Political Communication between 2003-2016, we demonstrate gaps in our field and argue that scholarship can grow analytically and empirically by accounting for the findings of these books. We conclude with suggestions for future research into people’s perceptions of identity, group status, deprivation, and political power, as well as the role of media, political actors, and social groups in creating these narratives of American politics. 相似文献
158.
Sarah E. Newcomb-Anjo Erin T. Barker Andrea L. Howard 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2017,46(4):867-883
The transition to adulthood is a major life course transition that can pose risk to wellbeing. Research is needed to identify patterns of risk for compromised wellbeing, in order to best identify supports for individuals during this potentially vulnerable transition. The purpose of this study was to identify profiles of risk in an emerging adulthood sample, and to relate these profiles to mental health and subjective and academic wellbeing. Undergraduate emerging adults (N?=?903, 82?% female), aged 18–25 years (M?=?21.14, SD?=?1.75), completed a series of questionnaires about risk factors, mental health, and academic variables. Results from a latent profile analysis identified four distinct risk profiles: Low Risk (76?%), Low Social Support Risk (4?%), Financial Risk (11?%), and Multiple Risk (8?%). The risk profiles were subsequently related to mental health and subjective and academic wellbeing outcomes, using a pseudo-class draws approach. Analyses indicated that the risk-pattern profiles differed in several ways across outcomes. Implications for targeted interventions are discussed. 相似文献
159.
Population drug use in Australia: a wastewater analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Irvine RJ Kostakis C Felgate PD Jaehne EJ Chen C White JM 《Forensic science international》2011,210(1-3):69-73
Accurate information on drug use in communities is essential if health, social and economic harms associated with illicit drug use are to be addressed efficiently. In most countries population drug use is estimated indirectly via surveys, medical presentations and police and custom seizures. All of these methods have at least some problems due to bias, small samples and/or long time delays between collecting the information and analysing the results. Recently the direct quantification of drug residues in wastewater has shown promise as a means of monitoring drug use in defined geographical areas. In this study we measured 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methamphetamine and benzoylecgonine in sewage inflows in metropolitan and regional areas of Australia and compared these data with published European data. Cocaine use was small compared to European cities (p<0.001) but was compensated for by much greater consumption of methamphetamine (p<0.001) and MDMA (p<0.05). MDMA was more popular in regional areas (p<0.05) whereas methamphetamine and cocaine were mainly consumed in the city (p<0.05). Greater than 5-fold increases in MDMA use were detected on weekends (p<0.001). This approach has the potential to improve our understanding of drug use in populations and should be further developed to improve prevention and treatment programs. 相似文献
160.
Rodney H. Mabry 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》1981,6(2):63-78
The nature of the cost conditions surrounding the provision of judicial services by state and local governments is examined.
It is suggested that these services fit Werner Hirsch’s category of horizontally integrated public services and a priori arguments
are presented to support the kypothesis that judicial services are provided under conditions approximating constant costs.
Empirical tests for the existence. of scale economies are made which yield results consistent with the constant cost kypothesis.
Hence, the conclusion is drawn that differences across states per capita expenditures on count systems ane due primarily to
variations in demand factors rather than differences in the sizes of judicial systems.
This paper was partially prepared under Grant Number 75-NI-99-0037 from the National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal
Justice, Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, U. S. Department of Justice. Points of view or opinions stated in this
document are the author’s and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. 相似文献