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211.
Roy Gardner 《Public Choice》1987,54(2):171-185
In a spoils system, it is axiomatic that ‘to the winners go the spoils.’ This essay formalizes spoils systems as cooperative games, with winners given by a simple game structure, and represented by a fixed number of political appointments. We analyze the resulting spoils games by means of the non-transferable utility value, and we offer two practical applications of the results. 相似文献
212.
Doh Chull Shin 《Democratization》2013,20(2):20-55
This study examines the growth of popular support for a competitive multi‐party system as an indicator of democratic consolidation in South Korea. Using a national sample survey conducted in November 1993, it demonstrates that the South Korean mass public has been very slow to develop affective, behavioural, cognitive and evaluative links to political parties which, however, constitute an integral channel for representing its preferences in the policy‐making process. Contrary to the tenets of the neo‐corporatist and other theoretical models, this study finds that the failure of political parties to democratize their performance has been, and remains, a major factor inhibiting the development of popular support for a democratic party system. Based on this and other findings, we would predict much continuing difficulty and uncertainty in the process of consolidating South Korean political parties into a fully democratic party system. 相似文献
213.
This paper empirically assesses the relationship between culture and a free press. The results reveal that a privatized or ‘free media’ strongly influences informal institutions of a country or what is commonly known as culture. By providing unbiased and a wide variety information to the masses, the media sector not only reduces information asymmetry and transaction costs but also helps generate higher levels of social capital. It acts as an effective liaison between the masses and the government and also among various religious, ethnic and other fractionalized groups in a society. We use the proxy of informal institutions identified by Tabellini (Journal of the European Economic Association 8(4):677–716, 2010) which consists of four traits. The results are robust to alternate specifications and inclusion of controls. 相似文献
214.
Roy Allison 《European Security》2013,22(2):173-200
Abstract The Russian military intervention in Georgia in August 2008 has raised significant questions about Russian thinking and practice on the legitimate use of military force abroad, especially in relation to neighbour states. The arguments advanced by Russia to justify this campaign show how Russian interpretations of customary international law as well as norms related to the use of force have served as an instrument of state policy, rather than being rooted in any broader international consensus. The Russian discourse in this context about sovereignty, self-determination and the legitimacy of recognising South Ossetia and Abkhazia as states appears similarly to be strongly influenced by political self-interest and Russian views about its entitlement within the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) region. Among Russian claims, Moscow's commitment to support its ‘citizens’ abroad has been particularly controversial. This article examines these issues and also the possibility that, through its justifications for waging war against Georgia, Russia is more broadly contesting the interpretation of certain international norms, that it regards as essentially constructed by Western states. Some potential implications of these legal and normative arguments for future Russian policy in the CIS region, including Ukraine, are also examined. 相似文献
215.
ABSTRACTAdolescents’ exposure to internet pornography and its negative effects on healthy sexual development have been extensively investigated. However, little research has addressed the identification of protective factors that can buffer these negative effects. Based on the conceptualisation of a stress-buffering model of social support, this study empirically tested whether social support would provide a buffer against negative effects of internet pornography on sexually aggressive behaviours in adolescents. Results from an online survey of two-hundred-ten (210) Korean high school students revealed that social support from parents and friends performed buffering roles, and the buffering effect of friend support was the strongest. Based on these results, practical implications for healthy adolescent sexual development were discussed. 相似文献
216.
Medieval modernity: On citizenship and urbanism in a global era 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper examines forms of citizenship associated with contemporary urbanism. Focusing on three paradigmatic spaces: the gated enclave, the regulated squatter settlement and the camp, the authors argue that the landscape of urban citizenship is increasingly fragmented and divided. These geographies are constituted through multiple and competing sovereignties which, when territorially exercised, produce fiefdoms of regulation or zones of ‘no-law’. In order to understand these practices, the authors employ the conceptual framework of the ‘medieval city’. This use of history as theory sheds light on particular types of urban citizenship, such as the ‘free town’ or the ‘ethnic quarter’, that were present at different moments of medievalism and that are congruent with current processes. The ‘medieval’ is invoked not as an historical period, but rather as a transhistorical analytical category that interrogates the modern at this moment of liberal empire. 相似文献
217.
218.
Roy W. Spencer 《Society》2007,44(5):45-50
Despite the media’s and politicians’ insistence that the science of global warming is “settled”, there are good reasons to
distrust climate model projections of future global warming. While the supposed scientific consensus is that mankind is very
likely to blame for recent global warmth, this is mostly a statement of faith made from a position of relative ignorance about
natural variability in the climate system. Since we do not understand what causes decadal- to century-scale natural climate
variability, it has simply been assumed to either not exist, or to be relatively small. But even if predictions of catastrophic
warming are accurate, the worldwide demand for energy is so large that there is little mankind can do without radically new
energy technologies. Since it is only the wealthy countries of the world that can afford the R&D efforts to develop those
technologies, punishing the use of fossil fuels, and the resulting negative impact on economies, might well delay the development
of cost effective carbon-free energy sources that so many people are now calling for.
相似文献
Roy W. SpencerEmail: |
219.
Oh CS Lee SJ Park JB Lee SD Seo SB Kim HY Kim J Kim YS Shin DH 《Journal of forensic sciences》2012,57(3):820-825
Abstract: Multiplex autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping enables researchers to obtain genetic information from ancient human samples. In this study, we tested newly developed AmpF?STR® MiniFiler? kit for autosomal STR analysis of ancient DNA (aDNA), using human femurs (n = 8) collected from medieval Korean tombs. After extracting aDNA from the bones, autosomal STR analyses were repeated for each sample using the AmpF?STR® MiniFiler? and Identifiler? kits. Whereas only 21.87% of larger‐sized loci profiles could be obtained with the Identifiler? kit, 75% of the same loci profiles were determined by MiniFiler? kit analysis. This very successful amplification of large‐sized STR markers from highly degraded aDNA suggests that the MiniFiler? kit could be a useful complement to conventional STR kit analysis of ancient samples. 相似文献
220.
J. J. Roy Burman 《Asia Europe Journal》2008,6(1):145-156
The Naga upsurge is the manifestation of one of the earliest ethnic unrests in North East India. The Nagas claim that they
have been living in their present quarters since ancient times and that they have never been conquered by any foreign force.
In their view their fight cannot be considered to be secessionist and is rather a freedom movement. But there are others who
view that the Naga nation formation is rather a post British phenomenon. Nagas are a very heterogenous group with various
linguistic affiliations. But they have been able to carve out a niche and many new tribes are being drawn to the Naga constellation.
The Naga drive may be correct, but their rationale needs to be viewed from the process of formation of the Indian nation–state
and its democratic foundation which is rather skewed. In a just confederation of states, the Nagas can hope to attain an equal
share as any other nationality. But it needs to be realized that the Indian nation–state cannot be looked upon in a frozen
time frame as political boundaries are bound to alter with changing aspirations of the people, in line with the shifts in
politico–economic equations globally and regionally. 相似文献