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排序方式: 共有108条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Mohammed Nuruzzaman 《当代亚洲杂志》2013,43(1):33-54
Bangladesh has been implementing neoliberal structural adjustment policies since the early 1980s. This article analyzes the economic and social outcomes the reform policies have created in the past two decades. It argues that the reform policies, instead of distributing benefits among different societal groups, have brought an economic windfall mainly for the business and industrial class in Bangladesh. Compared to the 24 families of erstwhile United Pakistan, there is now a small group of 40 to 50 families who effectively control the total industrial and financial assets of this poor nation. The vast majority of other societal groups and classes- the industrial and agricultural labor, small businesses, marginal and small farmers, and urban and rural poor — are left out by the reform agenda. The lack of policies of distributional justice has resulted in widening disparities in income and wealth between the low and high strata of the society and deterioration in the overall poverty situation of the country. 相似文献
82.
Mohammed Nuruzzaman 《当代亚洲杂志》2013,43(2):363-378
The March 14, 2011 Saudi military intervention in Bahrain to suppress pro-democracy uprisings created serious regional and global concerns. Political analysts and commentators have interpreted the Saudi intervention primarily in terms of domestic and regional political and strategic dynamics. This paper analyses the intervention issue from both political and economic perspectives and argues that the Saudi decision to intervene in Bahrain to trample the democratic rights of common Bahrainis was no less, if not more, influenced by economic factors than political and strategic calculations. Moreover, similar Saudi interventions in other Gulf Cooperation Council countries remain a reality if the status quo is seriously threatened by any internal pro-democracy forces, with or without external support. 相似文献
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Why and how do individuals residing in relatively peaceful and affluent Western societies come to embrace extremist ideologies that emanate from distant places? We summarize the most recent empirical literature on the causes and dynamics of radicalization, and evaluate the state of the art in the study of Islamist homegrown extremism in the West. We propose a theoretical synthesis based on four factors that come together to produce violent radicalization: personal and collective grievances, networks and interpersonal ties, political and religious ideologies, and enabling environments and support structures. We propose adopting a “puzzle” metaphor that represents a multifactor and contextualized approach to understanding how ordinary individuals transform into violent extremists. We concluded with three recommendations to strengthen the empirical foundations of radicalization studies. 相似文献
86.
John Hembling Mohammed Ali Anna Passaniti Paul Armah Aryee Mahama Saaka 《Development in Practice》2017,27(5):634-645
ABSTRACTDespite the benefits of antenatal care, evidence from sub-Saharan Africa suggests that women often initiate these services after the first trimester of pregnancy and do not complete the recommended number of visits. This study examines the impact of mobilising faith-based and lay leaders to address the socio-cultural barriers to antenatal care uptake in northern Ghana in the context of a broader child survival project. A quasi-experimental design was used, and data were analysed using a difference-in-differences approach. The results presented in this article indicate the potential for faith-based and lay leaders to promote uptake of maternal and child health behaviours. 相似文献
87.
Public sector organizations, including local government (LG) entities, continue to resort to value for money (VFM) audit to enhance performance and accountability. Based on the analysis of the consolidated reports on the annual performance-based Functional Organizational Assessment Tool (FOAT)—VFM audit—in Ghana to determine the efficacy of VFM on performance, this article argues that VFM audits constitute a significant public management tool that could enhance LG performance. However, the FOAT reports, like most VFM audits, only provide quantitative evidence, which fails to capture the qualitative or other relevant explanatory factors behind the recorded performance improvement. 相似文献
88.
This article contributes to the debate on livelihood diversification in rural sub-Saharan Africa, focusing specifically on
the growing economic importance of artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) in the region. The precipitous decline in the value
of many export crops and the removal of subsidies on crucial inputs such as fertilizers have made smallholder production unviable,
forcing many farmers to ‘branch out’ into non-farm activities to supplement their incomes. One of the more popular destinations
for poor farmers is the low-tech ASM sector which, because of its low barriers to entry, has absorbed millions of rural Africans
over the past two decades, the majority of whom are engaged in the extraction of near-surface mineral deposits located on
concessions that have been demarcated to multinational corporations. The efforts made hitherto to control this illegal mining
activity, both through force and regulation, however, have had little effect, forcing many of the region’s governments and
private sector partners to ‘re-think’ their approaches. One strategy that has gained considerable attention throughout the
region is intensified support for agrarian-orientated activities, many of which, despite the problems plaguing smallholder
agricultural sector and challenges with making it more economically sustainable, are being lauded as appropriate ‘alternative’
sources of employment to artisanal mining. After examining where artisanal mining fits into the de-agrarianization ‘puzzle’
in sub-Saharan Africa, the article critiques the efficacy of ‘re-agrarianization’ as a strategy for addressing the region’s
illegal mining problem. A case study of Ghana is used to shed further light on these issues. 相似文献
89.
Mahrous Abdelbasset Ibrahim Sally Salem Mohammed Hany Goda Tammam Rehab Ibrahim
Abdel-Karim Medhat Mohammed Farag 《法庭科学研究(英文)》2022,7(2):211
Reaching a postmortem diagnosis of hypothermia is challenging in forensic practice. Therefore, this study was conducted to detect the histopathological, histochemical and biochemical changes that occur in adult albino rats following exposure to induced fatal hypothermia. Twenty-four adult albino rats were divided into the negative control, moderate hypothermia, severe hypothermia and hypoxia groups. Rats in the control group were euthanized when those in the moderate hypothermic group died. Blood samples were collected via heart puncture, and the cerebrum, heart, suprarenal gland, kidney, liver and skeletal muscle were removed to investigate the biochemical, histochemical and histopathological changes. Postmortem assessment depicted significant changes in lipid peroxidation, represented by increased malondialdehyde levels in the studied organs of the rats in hypothermic and hypoxia groups. Histopathological examination of the rats’ organs revealed degeneration and necrosis in the hypothermia and hypoxia groups. Sections taken from the severe hypothermic rats revealed a loss of normal cardiac tissue architecture, necrotic changes in the pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex, and massive necrosis, mainly in the tubules of the renal cortex and medulla. These findings suggest that histological changes might be used as biochemical markers for postmortem diagnosing of fatal hypothermia, particularly in severe hypothermic conditions.
Key points
- Death by hypothermia is a serious public health problem worldwide.
- Confirming a diagnosis and determining the cause of death in cases of hypothermia are among the most difficult practices in forensic medicine.
- Death by hypothermia might be associated with structural abnormalities in various organs.
- Studies using different tissue staining techniques will enable an overall illustration of the role of histopathological changes in body organs as indicators of hypothermia.
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