全文获取类型
收费全文 | 602篇 |
免费 | 43篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 43篇 |
工人农民 | 92篇 |
世界政治 | 53篇 |
外交国际关系 | 30篇 |
法律 | 285篇 |
中国政治 | 7篇 |
政治理论 | 131篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 9篇 |
2020年 | 29篇 |
2019年 | 30篇 |
2018年 | 32篇 |
2017年 | 42篇 |
2016年 | 42篇 |
2015年 | 35篇 |
2014年 | 34篇 |
2013年 | 91篇 |
2012年 | 24篇 |
2011年 | 27篇 |
2010年 | 18篇 |
2009年 | 26篇 |
2008年 | 26篇 |
2007年 | 25篇 |
2006年 | 17篇 |
2005年 | 11篇 |
2004年 | 10篇 |
2003年 | 12篇 |
2002年 | 16篇 |
2001年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 14篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1963年 | 2篇 |
1961年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有645条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
231.
Hoff-Olsen P Mevåg B Staalstrøm E Hovde B Egeland T Olaisen B 《Forensic science international》1999,105(3):171-183
Hyperpolymorphic short tandem repetitive DNA sequences, STRs or microsatellites, have become widely used in human identification, particularly in criminal cases and in mass disasters. In such cases the substrates for the analyses may be decomposed biological material, a fact that has to be taken into account when choosing the appropriate casework methods. In this paper we report the evaluation of five different DNA extraction methods, namely the phenol-chloroform, the silica based, the InstaGene Matrix (BioTest), the glass fiber filter, and the Chelex based methods. The substrates for the analyses are decomposed human liver tissue specimens from forensic autopsy cases. Extracted DNA was quantified and DNA profiled by a set of seven STRs. We have compared laboratory time consumption and costs of the five methods, showing that the Chelex method is the more rapid and less expensive of the methods, the phenol-chlorophorm and silica extractions being the most time consuming and resource demanding ones. A full profile was obtained by the silica method in nine out of ten cases and this method failed to give a reliable type in four out of 70 STR analyses. The phenol-chlorophorm and the glass fiber filter methods failed in 16 analyses, the InstaGene Matrix (BioTest) in 25 and the Chelex extracts in 56 of the 70 STR analyses. By multiple logistic regression we show that the difference between the silica procedure and the other methods are statistically significant. In our hands, the silica gel extraction procedure is an obvious choice when the biological material available is decomposed human tissue--even if this procedure is one of the more laborious ones. 相似文献
232.
Why Emotions Matter: Expectancy Violation and Affective Response Mediate the Emotional Victim Effect
The mechanisms behind the ‘emotional victim effect’ (i.e., that the emotionality of a rape victim’s demeanor affects perceived
credibility) are relatively unexplored. In this article, a previously neglected mechanism—observers’ affective response to
the victim—is proposed as an alternative to the traditional expectancy-violation account. The emotional victim effect was
replicated in an experiment with a sample of police trainees (N = 189), and cognitive load was found to increase the magnitude of the effect. Importantly, both compassionate affective response
and expectancy violation actively mediated the emotional victim effect when the other mechanism was controlled for. These
findings extend previous research on credibility judgments by introducing a ‘hot’ cognitive component in the judgment process.
Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. 相似文献
233.
This case study seeks first to explore the culpability of the state of Nigeria in regards to recent allegations of rape and
sexual torture by security forces and, secondly, to question why these rapes continue to occur despite Nigeria’s responsibility
to address them. Though exact rates of violence are impossible to ascertain, reports by the media and various non-governmental
organizations describe the widespread abuse of women, specifically at the hands of military officials. Evidence suggests that,
by failing to respond appropriately to these acts of violence, the state of Nigeria is in direct violation of international
law. Moreover, the decentralized nature of the Nigerian legal system creates an environment in which those Nigerian laws that
do address rape and/or torture are rendered ineffective. This paper argues that what is happening in Nigeria does in fact
constitute a state crime and, thus far, has not received appropriate attention from the International Criminal Court, to which
Nigeria is a party, or the international community at large. As no action has yet been taken, we consider the factors that
create an environment in which international and national punitive measures, as they are currently practiced, are ineffective.
相似文献
Emily LenningEmail: |
234.
Måns Nilsson Marc Pallemaerts Ingmar von Homeyer 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2009,9(4):337-350
Pressure is mounting for states to become better at integrating its environmental policies into sector policy, a challenge
often referred to as environmental policy integration (EPI). Policy research on EPI has grown to become a distinct and substantial
field of study at the national and EU levels, where political commitment and interest in the topic have been large. In the
study of international regimes, EPI analytical concepts have so far not been applied although the EPI quest is at least as
important and critical at this level. This special issue addresses this gap, by combining these two sets of literature and
examining various aspects of EPI in international regimes, its manifestations and its challenges. This introductory paper
introduces key conceptual discussions underlying the development of this special issue, distils and discusses some of the
key findings and messages from the four ensuing research articles and presents directions for future research. It finds that
many EPI challenges and institutional barriers are strongly accentuated at international levels of governance, but also that
similarities with the national level suggest that closer interactions between the two fields of study are warranted. At both
levels, the EPI “game” is full of inherent tensions and goal conflicts, institutional constraints abound, and cognitive interactions
and learning processes appear as key mechanisms to advance EPI. Suggestions for how to enhance EPI in international regimes
are still tentative, and analysis beyond international relations and regime theory is needed to capture potential institutional
innovations for advancing EPI. 相似文献
235.
Paula Núñez Martínez Sofía T. Menéndez María de los Ángeles Villaronga Douglas H. Ubelaker Juana M. García-Pedrero Sara C. Zapico 《Science & justice》2019,59(4):418-424
Recent developments on postmortem interval estimation (PMI) take an advantage of the autolysis process, pointing out to the analysis of the expression of apoptosis and autophagy genes towards this purpose. Oxidative stress plays a role in this signaling as a regulatory mechanism and/or as a consequence of cell death. Additionally, melatonin has been implicated on apoptosis and autophagy signaling, making melatonin a suitable target for PMI determination. The aim of this study was to investigate the early PMI through the analysis of the expression of autophagy genes as well as oxidative stress and melatonin receptor. Our results demonstrated a rapidly increased on the expression of autophagy genes according to the expected sequence of events, then a marked decrease in this expression, matched with the switch to the apoptosis signaling. These results revealed potential candidates to analyze the PMI in the first hours of death, helping to estimate the time-since-death. 相似文献
236.
The Court of Justice can rephrase or otherwise depart from the questions referred to it by national courts under Article 267 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union. It does so routinely: a practice known as reformulation. Legal literature often argues that reformulation is used to clarify national court questions and bring them within the scope of European Union law. The aim of the present article is to explore this claim systematically. To this end, it compiles a unique dataset consisting of the Orders for Reference, in which the referring courts embed the preliminary questions, and the judgments, in which the Court of Justice communicates the answers. The findings suggest that reformulation is a decision‐making approach rather than a fixture of decision writing. It's main function is to neutralize conflicts and Europeanise disputes. It underlines the Court's power to shape the preliminary ruling procedure and its outcomes. 相似文献
237.
Francesco Lupariello M.D. Serena Maria Curti M.D. Elena Coppo M.D. Sara Simona Racalbuto Psy.D. Giancarlo Di Vella M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(2):638-642
The “Blue Whale Challenge” is a dangerous Internet phenomenon. As per media reports, it involves a series of life‐threatening tasks imposed by a “curator” to “players,” who must fulfill the whole list, and it ends with the suicide of the player. The authors report the data of five suspected cases of “Blue Whales” managed from January 2016 to December 2017 by the staff of a unit (the “Bambi Unit” of the Pediatric Hospital “Regina Margherita” of Turin, Italy) that is dedicated to the evaluation of suspected abused children. Then, they analyzed this data in the light of the literature regarding self‐harm. This comparison highlights the role of the Internet in the spreading of self‐harm behavior among vulnerable adolescents who are characterized by epidemiological, psychological, psychiatric, social, and cultural risk factors. In conclusion, the authors suggest a multidisciplinary and specialized approach in the evaluation of adolescents who committed self‐harm activities. 相似文献
238.
Sara Skott M.Res. Eric Beauregard Ph.D. Rajan Darjee M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(1):154-162
Research on female sexual homicide has been very scarce. In Europe, it has rarely been examined, and in Scotland, it has never previously been studied. This exploratory study aims to examine the characteristics of sexual homicides involving female offenders between 1990 and 2015 in Scotland. Using data from the Scottish Homicide Database between 1990 and 2015, female sexual homicides (n = 7) were compared to nonsexual homicides committed by females (n = 106) and to sexual homicides committed by men (n = 89) using Fisher's exact tests. The findings show that although female sexual homicide offenders are similar to both female nonsexual homicide offenders and male sexual homicide offenders in certain aspects, there are important differences that distinguish sexual homicides involving female offenders from both groups. Female sexual homicide offenders can arguably be seen as a distinct group of offenders, with specific characteristics and specific needs. 相似文献
239.
240.
Most of our knowledge about intimate partner homicide (IPH) is based on studies of men, as they outnumber women as perpetrators. From a total cohort of IPHs in Norway from 1990 to 2012 (N?=?177), we investigated differences between male (n?=?157) and female (n?=?20) perpetrators in terms of (a) IPH characteristics and sentencing issues, (b) sociodemographic, contextual and clinical factors, and (c) previous intimate partner violence. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that, in comparison to male perpetrators, female perpetrators were more often in intimate partnerships without mutual children, had a greater number of accumulated welfare deficiencies, and tended to be ascribed different motives (fear and revenge) for their crimes. 相似文献