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881.
Scott Prasser 《Australian Journal of Public Administration》2010,69(1):79-97
Utilisation of public inquiries and royal commissions in Westminster systems of government is a source of continuing interest. That royal commissions continue to be appointed when there is an increasing array of other institutions governments can now employ and given that royal commission reports often have very adverse impacts on the appointing governments, remains a key issue. So the appointment by the Queensland government of not one, but two royal commissions in 2005 into the same topic – the recruitment and performance of doctors recruited abroad working in Queensland public hospitals – provides a special opportunity to analyse the circumstances in which a royal commission mechanism is activated. That one of these royal commissions had to be disbanded because of legal action taken by several of those being investigated is another reason to assess these royal commissions. This is almost without precedent in Australia and has implications for the future conduct of such bodies. Lastly, how the Queensland government was able to minimise the blame from the subsequent royal commission's highly critical report, is also instructive and worthy of assessment . 相似文献
882.
This article provides a theoretical framework for analyzing the recruitment and selection of legislative candidates in Latin America. It argues that political recruitment and candidate selection are undertheorized for Latin America yet have determinative impacts on political systems, often overriding the influence of more commonly studied institutional variables. The article elucidates a typology of legislative candidates based on the legal and party variables that lead to the emergence of particular selection methods, as well as the patterns of loyalty generated by those methods. It analyzes the recruitment and selection processes as independent and dependent variables, underscoring the significant effect these procedures have on the incentive structure and subsequent behavior of legislators. Those factors, in turn, have important consequences for democratic governability and the performance of presidentialism. 相似文献
883.
The value of environmental evidence for reconstructing journey histories has significant potential given the high transferability of sediments and the interaction of footwear with the ground. The importance of empirical evidence bases to underpin the collection, analysis, interpretation and presentation of forensic trace materials is increasingly acknowledged. This paper presents two experimental studies designed to address the transfer and persistence of sediments on the soles of footwear in forensically relevant scenarios, by means of quartz grain surface texture analysis, a technique which has been demonstrated to be able to distinguish between samples of mixed provenance.It was identified that there is a consistent trend of transfer and persistence of sediments from hypothetical pre-, syn- and post-crime event locations across the sole of the shoe, with sediments from ‘older’ locations likely to be retained in small proportions. Furthermore, the arch of the shoe (the area of lowest foot pressure distribution) typically (but not exclusively) retained the highest proportion of grain types from previous locations including the crime scene. A lack of chronological layering of the retained sediments was observed indicating that techniques that can identify the components of mixed provenance samples are important for analysing footwear sediment samples. It was also identified that the type of footwear appeared to have an influence on what particles were retained, with high relief soles that incorporate recessed areas being more likely to retain sediments transferred from ‘older’ locations from the journey history. In addition, the inners of footwear were found to retain sediments from multiple locations from the journey history that are less susceptible to differential loss in comparison to the outer sole. These findings provide important data that can form the basis for the effective collection, analysis and interpretation of sediments recovered from both the outer soles and inners of footwear, building on the findings of previously published studies. These data offer insights that enable inferences to be made about mixed source sediments that are identified on footwear in casework, and provide the beginnings of an empirical basis for assessing the significance of such sediment particles for a specific forensic reconstruction. 相似文献
884.
Judges’ Perceptions of Screening,Assessment, Prevention,and Treatment for Substance Use, Mental Health,and HIV among Juveniles on Community Supervision: Results of a National Survey
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Christy K. Scott Arthur J. Lurigio Michael L. Dennis 《Juvenile & family court journal》2017,68(3):5-25
Juvenile Justice‐Translational Research on Interventions for Adolescents in the Legal System (JJ‐TRIALS) National Survey was funded in part to describe the current status of screening, assessment, prevention and treatment for substance use, mental health, and HIV for youth on community supervision within the US juvenile justice system. Surveys were administered to community supervision agencies and their primary behavioral healthcare providers, as well as the juvenile or family court judge with the largest caseload of youth on community supervision. This article presents the findings from the judges’ survey. Survey results indicated juvenile and family court judges were open to innovations for improving the court's performance, rated their relationships with collaborators highly, and appreciated the impact of screening, assessment, prevention, and treatment on judicial practices. 相似文献
885.
Delinquency in middle class areas (and why it is low) has been a neglected topic in criminology. The book by Singer [1] advances knowledge about this topic, focussing on Amherst (NY), but also comparing it with the high crime area of Newark (NJ). The book discusses various community and neighborhood factors that might have contributed to the low crime rate in Amherst, but also emphasizes the importance of parenting and juvenile justice processing. The book highlights the need for more research on community/neighborhood effects on offending after controlling for individual and family factors. It also highlights the need for more research on self-reported delinquency versus court processing of middle class versus lower class youth, and on possible juvenile justice system biases after controlling for characteristics of offenses and offenders. Its main policy implications are that more programs and opportunities are needed for youth in lower class areas, there should be more efforts to increase collective efficacy in these areas, and juvenile court processing should be minimized as much as possible. 相似文献
886.
Psychopathy has consistently been associated with antisocial outcomes. The three- and four-factor models have been best fitted to data relating to Korean serious offenders (N?=?451), offering construct validity of the Korean Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). However, no study has yet tested the predictive power of the Korean PCL-R to explain two different types of antisocial outcomes: (1) risk of inmates measured by correctional officers during incarceration and (2) recidivism after release. By exploring these two forms of antisociality, here we sought to establish the predictive and construct validities of the Korean version of PCL-R. We found that the deviant lifestyle (Factor 3) performed best for predicting both antisocial forms (risk and recidivism) and that the deficits in interpersonal (Factor 1) and affective (Factor 2) abilities also uniquely predicted one subtype of risk, which suggests the three-factor model is better than the four-factor model in predictions. These findings will be useful for criminal justice experts and practitioners in Korea. 相似文献
887.
Deena A. Isom Scott 《Victims & Offenders》2018,13(5):711-737
Men and women experience violent victimization at comparable rates. Yet, women are more likely to experience intimate partner violence, sexual violence, and stalking, as well as witness the victimization of others more often than their male counterparts. Victimization is a leading predictor of subsequent criminal behavior, and the threat of victimization or witnessing the harm of another is also a significant strain. Using the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods data, this study examines how Black, Latina, and White female youth uniquely experience and respond to direct and vicarious victimization. The outcomes provide insight into the different ways Black, Latina, and White young women experience victimization, respond emotionally to victimization, as well as criminally cope with victimization. Findings suggest there are significant differences in vicarious victimization experiences, but not direct victimization experiences, between Black, Latina, and White female youth. Furthermore, victimization experiences do impact the likelihood of young women’s offending differently depending on their race or ethnicity. And finally, bootstrapped mediation analyses reveal negative emotions differentially impact the relationship between victimization and offending for Black, Latina, and White female youth. Thus, while there are similarities between young women’s experiences, this study highlights there are also many differences. Therefore, a one-size-fits-all approach cannot address the complexities of violent victimization. Without considering these differences, we risk further victimizing our most vulnerable populations. This study, and research like it, are needed to better combat violence against, as well as craft responses to and provide services for, female victims of all colors. 相似文献
888.
Jennifer Stuart Mark Fondacaro Scott A. Miller Veda Brown Eve M. Brank 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(6):674-684
The involvement of adolescents with deviant peer groups is one of the strongest proximal correlates to juvenile delinquency
and stems from a variety of causes. Past research has linked ineffective parenting with peer variables, including deviant
peer group involvement and peer conflict during adolescence. In this study, adolescents’ appraisals of procedural justice
within the family (adolescents’ appraisals of how fairly they are treated by parents in the process of resolving family conflict)
were examined as one aspect of effective parenting that may relate to deviant peer group involvement in early adolescence.
Data from 1660 middle school students (ages 11–14, mean = 12.6) indicated that higher appraisals by adolescents of procedural
justice during family conflict resolution were related to lower levels of both peer conflict and deviant peer group involvement.
A structural model was tested in which the relationship between adolescents’ appraisals of procedural justice in the family
and deviant peer group involvement was partially mediated by measures of peer conflict. This model was found to have adequate
fit to the data, indicating that part of the relationship between procedural justice appraisals and deviant peer group involvement
can be explained by levels of peer conflict. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Jennifer L. Stuart is a doctoral student in Counseling Psychology at the University of Florida. Her research interests include adolescent development and juvenile justice. Mark R. Fondacaro is a Professor of Psychology at John Jay College of Criminal Justice—CUNY. He received his Ph.D. in clinical psychology from Indiana University and his J.D. from Columbia University School of Law. His major research interests are ecological jurisprudence and the conceptualization and assessment of procedural justice in legal and extra-legal contexts including the family and the juvenile justice and health care systems. Scott A. Miller is Professor of Psychology at the University of Florida. He received his Ph.D. in Child Development from the University of Minnesota. His research focuses on cognitive development in children. Veda E. Brown is an Assistant Professor of Juvenile Justice and Psychology at Prairie View A&M University, Texas. Her research interests include cognitive development in early childhood, especially with reference to the role of parents. Eve M. Brank is an assistant professor in the Department of Criminology, Law and Society at the University of Florida. She received her Ph.D. in Social Psychology and her J.D. from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Law/Psychology program. Her research focuses primarily on families, juveniles, and especially parental responsibility laws. 相似文献
Mark FondacaroEmail: |
Jennifer L. Stuart is a doctoral student in Counseling Psychology at the University of Florida. Her research interests include adolescent development and juvenile justice. Mark R. Fondacaro is a Professor of Psychology at John Jay College of Criminal Justice—CUNY. He received his Ph.D. in clinical psychology from Indiana University and his J.D. from Columbia University School of Law. His major research interests are ecological jurisprudence and the conceptualization and assessment of procedural justice in legal and extra-legal contexts including the family and the juvenile justice and health care systems. Scott A. Miller is Professor of Psychology at the University of Florida. He received his Ph.D. in Child Development from the University of Minnesota. His research focuses on cognitive development in children. Veda E. Brown is an Assistant Professor of Juvenile Justice and Psychology at Prairie View A&M University, Texas. Her research interests include cognitive development in early childhood, especially with reference to the role of parents. Eve M. Brank is an assistant professor in the Department of Criminology, Law and Society at the University of Florida. She received her Ph.D. in Social Psychology and her J.D. from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Law/Psychology program. Her research focuses primarily on families, juveniles, and especially parental responsibility laws. 相似文献
889.
This longitudinal study examined whether supportive parenting mediates relations between parent–child differences in cultural
orientation (generational dissonance) and depressive symptoms with a sample of 451 first and second generation Chinese American
parents and adolescents (12–15 years old at time 1). Using a person-centered approach, meaningful typologies of cultural orientation
were derived for fathers, mothers, and adolescents. Overall, results provided support, though qualified, for the notion that
generational dissonance is linked to depressive symptoms through decreased supportive parenting. In general, having a parent
with a bicultural profile seemed to be most advantageous if adolescents similarly had a bicultural profile, whereas more American oriented adolescents with more Chinese oriented parents reported the least supportive parenting and most depressive symptoms. Directions for future research and
the benefits of using a person-centered approach in research of acculturation and generational dissonance are discussed.
相似文献
Scott R. WeaverEmail: |
890.
The COVID-19 crisis has called for the mobilization of diverse resources and coordination through administrative networks. This mobilization has brought to light the challenges involved in the recruitment and retention of diverse administrative networks. This Viewpoint essay reviews the importance and difficulties of maintaining diverse administrative networks. The review is followed by concrete strategies for building and maintaining diverse networks in Norman, Oklahoma. The lessons emphasize the role of active and imaginative recruitment and a realistic assessment of the challenges facing members of the network that can interfere with their participation. 相似文献