Parallel Systems and Human Resource Management in India's Public Health Services: A View from the Front Lines

There is building evidence in India that the delivery of health services suffers both from an actual shortfall in trained health professionals and from unsatisfactory results of existing service providers working in the public and private sectors. This study focuses on the public sector and examines de facto institutional and governance arrangements that may give rise to well‐documented provider behaviors such as absenteeism that can adversely affect service delivery processes and outcomes. We analyze four human resource management (HRM) subsystems: postings, transfers, promotions and disciplinary practices from the perspective of front‐line workers—physicians working in rural healthcare facilities operated by two state governments. We sampled physicians in one “post‐reform” state that has instituted HRM reforms and one “pre‐reform” state that has not. The findings are based on both quantitative and qualitative measurements. The results show that formal rules are undermined by a parallel modus operandi in which desirable posts are often determined by political connections and side payments. The evidence suggests an institutional environment in which formal rules of accountability are trumped by a parallel set of accountabilities. These systems appear so entrenched that reforms have borne no significant effect. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“契约团结”的法理疏释:面向主体化时代

"契约团结"是实现"和而不同"的理想化社会图景的一种社会学想象。"契约团结"中的"契约"是多元的、网状的、有机的、复合的、相互交织的、并且是伸缩自如的。在社会团结的契约结构中,分工与交往是实现契约团结的基础和纽带,自由共同体是契约团结的载体,而法律则是实现契约团结的条件,它为契约团结的实现提供了土壤。法律的运作所产生的区隔效应以及通过法律对基本权利的保障,为人们的分工、交往、联合创造了一个和平、自由、公平的环境。     

A Relationship Beyond The Realm of Diplomacy

The recently concluded visit to Pakistan by President of the People’s Republic of China Xi Jinping has surely been instrumental for exponential expansion in the bilateral relations between the two countries and has elevated them to a new level of abiding strategic cooperation that holds the promise of not only serving the geo-political,economic and security interests of both of them but also the South Asian region as well as Central Asia.     

Hybrid Hegemonic Masculinity of the EU before and after the Arab Spring: A Gender Analysis of Euro-Mediterranean Security Relations

In the academic literature on EU–southern Mediterranean relations, a focal point of neglect has been the gendered dimension of Euro-Mediterranean relations. This article argues that the Euro-Mediterranean space has been formed within the gendered global West/non-West relations with the purpose of promoting the West's security interests. Euro-Mediterranean security relations, thus, embody a gendered power hierarchy between the hybrid hegemonic masculinity of the EU (bourgeois-rational and citizen-warrior) and the subordinate (both feminized and hypermasculinized) southern neighbourhood. In addition, it shows that following the Arab Spring the EU has been determined to maintain the status quo by reconstructing these gendered power relations. This gender analysis contributes to the literature on Euro-Mediterranean relations through its specific focus on the (re)construction processes of gendered identities within the West/non-West context in tandem with the EU's competing notions of security.     

205例高坠案件局部机械性损伤与死亡性质关系分析

目的探讨高坠案件中局部机械性损伤行为心理分析与死亡性质的关系,为此类案件的定性提供参考。方法收集2008—2013年高坠死亡案件311例,其中存在高坠难以形成的局部机械性损伤案例205例。对损伤形成特点、现场痕迹、高坠致命伤、文字信息等进行分析。结果 205例中,根据初步现场痕迹、高坠致命伤、文字信息等分析后,明确自杀86例,意外24例,性质不明95例。95例性质不明案例经对局部机械性损伤进行行为心理分析后,认定自杀80例,意外11例,他杀4例。结论高坠难以形成的局部机械性损伤与死亡性质具有关联性,根据局部机械性损伤行为心理分析推断高坠死亡性质基本准确。     

Ancestry and BMI Influences on Facial Soft Tissue Depths for A Cohort of Chinese and Caucasoid Women in Dunedin,New Zealand

This study measured and assessed facial soft tissue depths (FSTDs) in adult female Chinese and New Zealand (NZ) Europeans (Caucasoids). Ultrasound was used to obtain depths at nine landmarks on 108 healthy subjects (51 Chinese, 57 NZ European), erect positioned, of same age group (18–29 years). Height and weight were also recorded. Statistical analysis focused on comparison of tissue depth between the two ancestry groups and the influence of Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m²). Results showed mean depth differences at Supra M2 and Infra M2 landmarks significantly greater for Chinese than Caucasoid women for all three BMI Classes (BMI <20, 20 ≤ BMI < 25, 25 ≤ BMI < 30), even BMI <20. For both groups BMI positively correlated with FSTD values at all landmarks except Labrale superius. This study enabled ancestry and BMI influence on FSTDs to be observed and compared for two distinct groups. Results add to knowledge about facial tissue depth variation.     

浅谈上市公司的信息披露制度

信息披露公开制度就是披露制度。是上市公司为了保障投资者的利益接受社会公众的监督而依照法律规定必须将其自身的财务变化、经营状况等信息和资料向证券管理部门和证券交易所报告,并向社会公开或公告,以便使投资者充分了解情况的制度。信息披露不当会产生民事责任、法律责任,因此,必须进一步完善信息披露制度。     

重塑董事范畴:从形式主义迈向实质主义

我国公司法对董事范畴的界定奉行形式主义,仅承认经过选任所产生的形式董事.该种形式主义的董事界定路径存在明显短板:无法涵盖存在选任瑕疵的董事、失格董事、逾期董事乃至于非为董事但为董事行为者,支配或影响公司行为的幕后主体更是在董事责任的射程之外.在我国公司股权集中的公司治理实践中,形式董事易于受到控股股东或实际控制人的不当影响而失却其固有价值,进而沦为公司治理中的花瓶.相较于形式主义的董事范畴,实质主义的董事范畴能够全面覆盖各类董事的外延类型,锚定我国公司治理中控股股东或实际控制人的不当影响及其责任边界,避免强化控股股东义务对公司组织体产生的过度干涉,夯实董事在公司治理中的核心地位.我国公司法修改应当着力于建构包括事实董事和影子董事在内的实质董事范畴,共同与形式董事构成完整的董事类型体系.对事实董事的界定应当建立在我国董事职权的本土规范基础之上,排除非属于履行董事职权的行为.对影子董事的认定应当重在认定行为人操纵公司董事的行为,并放弃对公司董事会的控制要件.符合前述构成条件的实质董事,与形式董事负担同等法律责任,以厘清股东与公司的行为边界,淳化公司治理体系.     

超相人格分析——大学生心理障碍深层心理根源

长期的心理咨询与治疗过程中,我们发现大学生心理障碍的产生总有各种原因,有现实环境的原因,也有个体本身的原因,对个体来说,其深层心理原因是导致心理障碍的核心根源。而深层心理原因中,大学生的"超相"人格则是重要的原因。这里的"超相"概念为作者首次提出,是根据大学生所反映出来的普遍深层心理问题结合国内外深层心理学思想总结出来的。