Irrational behavior in exposure to cold. Paradoxical undressing in hypothermia

One December morning the naked bodies of two alcoholics were found on an open place in the center of the city of Essen. The phenomenon of paradoxical undressing due to vital hypothermia is described and the significant influence of alcohol on hypothermia and confusion in connection with hypothermia is pointed out. Compared to the results of other authors, external and internal signs of lethal hypothermia were analysed in a retrospective series of 30 cases (autopsy material in the region of Essen, investigation period from 1979-1989).     

GENDER BIAS IN THE DISPOSITION OF JUVENILE COURT REFERRALS: THE EFFECTS OF TIME AND LOCATION*

Theory based on sex role traditionalism predicts a more punishing decision for female than for male offenders, while theory based on chivalry (paternalism) predicts greater leniency by the courts for female offenders. This paper tests these two models using a large sample (36,680) of juvenile court referrals in metropolitan, urban, and rural locations spanning a nine-year period. Nonparametric analysis of covariance is used to control for differences in offense, previous contact with the court system, and other background variables. Evidence of gender bias in dispositions was found. The patterns of bias across time, location, offense committed, and previous referral to the court system supports the persistence of chivalry and a decline in sex role traditionalism in court decisions. Greater punishment for girls than boys was found only for repeat offenders committing more serious offenses. Even in those cases, girls were more likely to be taken out of the home environment by the courts through a custody transfer while boys were more likely to be sent to a lock-up facility.     

Toxic environmental factors in sudden infant death (SIDS)

The increasing number of discussions on the influence of toxic environmental factors, including SIDS, prompted systematic postmortem chemical-toxicological investigations to be carried out on 54 SIDS cases and 2 control cases of the same age group. Tissue levels of arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, and pentachlorphenol, as well as other organic noxious agents, were measured in several organs. In addition, the COHb concentrations were determined. In spite of the widely scattered values, the extreme levels measured and the arithmetic means and median averages of As, Pb, Cd, Hg, PCP, and COHb had no more range in concentrations than can be expected for toxic effects - according to present knowledge anyway. It was observed that infants from an urban environment showed no greater concentration of noxious agents than did infants from rural regions. There were also no differences between SIDS cases and the controls, nor was there a correlation between infections of the respiratory system that are often morphologically detected - including laryngitis - and higher concentrations of these agents in the organs of SIDS cases.     

个别教育工作应实现十个转变——以行刑个别化为视角

个别教育是我国监狱教育改造罪犯的重要手段之一，被视为中国监狱教育改造罪犯工作的成功经验和优良传统。近年来，个别教育工作却面临着机制僵化、功能弱化，内容空泛化、手段单一化、地位边缘化的趋势。在监狱体制改革全面推进、监狱职能日益纯化、执法质量要求越来越高的大背景下，吸收和借鉴先进的理念和技术，更新观念、拓展内容、完善机制、不断深化个别教育工作是监狱工作实践的迫切需要。     

充分发挥人民调解主渠道作用 正确应对和化解新时期日益凸显的社会矛盾纠纷

当前，国际形势继续发生深刻变化，我国改革发展进入关键阶段。在这样一个新旧体制激烈碰撞、利益格局重新调整的新形势下，各方面的社会矛盾明显增多，大量涌现的人民内部矛盾，呈现出了新的特点和变化，并上升为社会矛盾的主流，直接影响着基层社会稳定和全面建设小康社会的顺利进行。因此，正确应对和处理新时期的矛盾纠纷已成为摆在全党、全社会面前的一道刻不容缓的重要课题。     

以党建促所建 以党务强业务 以党风带行风 以改革创新精神全面推进律师行业党的建设

近年来，江西省司法厅始终坚持党管律师的方针，以律师党员的先进性建设为主线，以改革创新的精神全面推进律师行业党的建设，初步探索出一条“以党建促所建、以党务强业务、以党风带行风”的律师行业党建工作新路，得到中组部、司法部和江西省委领导的充分肯定和高度评价，并在2008年全国律师行业党的建设工作会议上介绍经验。