Peak blood-ethanol concentration and the time of its occurrence after rapid drinking on an empty stomach

Healthy men, 20 to 60 years old, drank a moderate dose of ethanol in the morning after an overnight fast. They consumed either neat whisky in amounts corresponding to 0.34, 0.51, 0.68, 0.85, or 1.02 g of ethanol per kilogram of body weight or 0.80 g/kg ethanol solvent diluted with orange juice. The peak blood-ethanol concentration (BEC) increased with the dose administered, but the time required to reach the peak was not markedly influenced over the range of doses studied. At a dose of 0.68 g/kg, the peak BEC ranged from 52 to 136 mg/dL (N = 83), and slow absorption (a late-occurring peak) produced a lower peak BEC. The peak BEC was reached between 0 and 45 min for 77% of the subjects (N = 152) and between 0 and 75 min for 97% of them. The time of peaking in venous blood occurred, on average, 10 min later than in capillary (fingertip) blood although the peak BEC was not appreciably different; the mean venous BEC was 97.0 mg/dL (range, 76 to 112 mg/dL), and the mean capillary BEC was 99.6 mg/dL (range, 75 to 123 mg/dL). When subjects drank 0.80 g/kg ethanol diluted with orange juice over 30 min, the average BEC increment between the end of drinking and the peak was 33 mg/dL (range, 0 to 58 mg/dL). The rate of absorption of ethanol was 1.78 mg/dL/min (range, 0.52 to 4.8 mg/dL/min), and the peak BEC occurred within 60 min after the end of drinking in 92% of the trials. The largest BEC increment (mean, 21 mg/dL; range, 0 to 44 mg/dL) was seen during the first 15 min after the drinking period.     

Clean Energy Development and China’s Climate Change Bargaining Position:Industry Policy,Innovation and Business Power

<正>This paper analyses developments in China's climate change diplomacy from the perspective of business power and conflict theory.It does so by:(i) accounting for the processes of clean energy industry policy and development in China;(ii) introducing the concept of business power and placing it in the context of climate change;(iii) applying the business power concept to China explore how the development of clean energy industry is expanding China's policy options and changing its bargaining position;and(iv) taking stock of developments thus far and assessing future prospects.It will thereby test both the theoretical proposition that the business power concept is applicable to the Chinese situation,and the empirical proposition that the ongoing development of the national clean energy sector is crucial to China's bargaining position at the international level.     

“尊龙名社”——未成年人犯罪团伙新动向

组织严密、职责分明。上海“尊龙名社”社团“组织”严密，“职责”分明，有3个管理机构——尊堂、龙堂、刑堂，和包括徐汇分堂在内的7个分堂，还列有“会费”缴纳事项和“帮规戒律”，所有成员必须遵守“服从高层指挥”、“随叫随到”等原则。等级家规像模像样。     

不一样的“革命”——曾朴译《九十三年》

曾朴不仅是晚清知名小说家，也是近现代文学史上一位重要的文学翻译家。1912年辛亥革命后，曾朴从法语翻译了雨果的名作《九十三年》，并将其题为“法国革命外史”，刊载于《时报》。曾朴于此时翻译《九十三年》，虽然明显地包含着应合中国革命时局的动机，但作品高扬人性的主题却超越了单纯的政治革命，表达了“诗人”的革命理想。译者曾朴的“诗人”身份以及他对作品的细致解读又使他进一步阐发了作品“不失其赤子之心”的人道主题，因此使这部小说在当时显示出一种“不合时宜”的思考革命的理路。     

Gas chromatographic and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of gasoline in a case of gasoline vapor and alcohol poisoning

A case of fatal poisoning due to the combined effect of alcohol and gasoline following an automobile accident is described. Toxicological analyses by means of gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry permitted the identification and quantitation of alcohol and several hydrocarbons in the heart blood and in the gas in the lung. Great variation was found in the estimates of blood gasoline concentration, depending on which of six constituents of gasoline was chosen for quantitation. The cause of this variation is discussed, together with the possible mechanisms leading to death.     

液相色谱-质谱联用技术在毒物分析中的应用

本文简要综述了液-质(LC-MS)联用的基本结构以及该技术近年来在滥用药物、治疗药物和杀虫剂中的应用,为进一步扩大液-质联用技术在毒物分析领域中的应用提供参考.     

Accountability and America's Secret Foreign Policy: Keeping a Legislative Eye on the Central Intelligence Agency

Intelligence accountability ("oversight") encompasses the supervision of a vast range of secret activities and 15 major agencies. Oversight since 1975 has been robust compared to earlier years; yet it continues to fall short of goals espoused by the Church Committee that year, as well as by subsequent panels advocating intelligence reform. Lawmakers have responded responsibly to intelligence surprises ("fire alarms"), carrying out probes into domestic spying, assassination plots, and other questionable covert actions, counterintelligence vulnerabilities, and major intelligence failures. They have paid less attention, though, to the day-to-day "police-patrolling" that might uncover weaknesses and eliminate the need for emergency firefighting. Individual members in both branches of Congress have displayed a significant commitment to oversight activities, and now and then the full oversight committees have worked energetically as a unit. Mostly, however, intelligence accountability since 1975 has been a story of discontinuous motivation, ad hoc responses to scandals, and reliance on the initiative of just a few members of Congress—mainly the occasional dedicated committee chair—to carry the burden. Despite the recommendations of several scholarly studies and government reports, absent still is a comprehensive approach to intelligence review that mobilizes most, if not all, of the members of the House and Senate standing committees on intelligence toward a systematic plan of police-patrolling, without waiting for fire alarms.     

刑事证人出庭率:一种基于实证研究的理论阐述

证人不出庭已成为控辩式刑事庭审方式改革的瓶颈之一。本文遵循解释学的理论路径,采用实证分析的方式对此问题展开研究。从证人出庭的实践标准角度,证人出庭率不高具有现实合理性。证人出庭的现实问题不是证人出庭率较低,而是争议案件没有证人出庭。从司法主体的角度,造成证人出庭率极低的重要因素并非源于证人,而是检察官的消极态度。隐藏于检察官消极态度背后的深层结构是书面审判模式的承继关系,而决定这一结构的基本因素包括固守实事求是的事实认定原则、司法一体化的内在需要和诉讼经济之考量。以证人出庭率极低的问题为治理目标,可以渐进式地推进两项局部性改革措施:确立附条件的口证原则,进一步简化无争议案件的处理程序。