Execution publicity and homicide in Georgia

A requisite of both general deterrence and brutalization theories of capital punishment is citizen awareness of executions. Yet this dimension is frequently left unmeasured in the literature on executions and homicide. Further, the current literature utilizes nationwide data, which introduces aggregation bias. The present study deals with these issues, testing the brutalization theory with data on publicized executions in the state of Georgia. Monthly data are used in order to capture any short-term brutalization effect. The results of a multivariate time-series model find that a publicized execution is associated with an increase of 2.6 homicides, or 6.8%, in the month of the publicized execution. Publicized executions were associated with an increase of 55 homicides during the time period analyzed. The results provide no support for the deterrence, victim mobilization, and normative validation perspectives on homicide. The findings can be interpreted, however, from several different varieties of brutalization theory.     

Sisters in Arms: European Community Law and Sex Equality in the Armed Forces

Abstract: Recently the European Court of Justice has been shedding a new light on the limits of Community competence for defence. This article analyses the rulings in Sirdar, Kreil, and Dory with regards to two interrelated issues. First it discusses the effect of Community law on the equality of men and women in the armed forces of the Member States. Second, it deals with the impact of these decisions on the constitutional order of the European Union. The article argues that Community law has a considerable impact on defence‐related national law. Therefore the analysis ultimately contributes to a narrow aspect of the constitutional debate: the demarcation of competencies between the Member States and the Community in matters related to defence.>     

Stemming the flow of bood? The illusion of self-regulation

This paper considers the viability of the self-regulation of occupational safety. It reports upon case studies of six companies currently operating in the UK chemicals sector. These companies and this sector provide highly favourable ‘testing sites’ for self-regulatory practices. However, through an examination of the power and location of safety staff within organisations, forms of management accountability, the state of safety training, and the mechanisms for communicating compliance problems, it becomes clear that many of the fundamental elements of self-regulation are not being met. This highlights the dangers of placing faith in self-regulation as a strategy that can be generalized, and indicates that compliance with safety regulations and standards must be forced upon companies by various stakeholding groups.     

The formation of Coasean institutions to provide university knowledge for innovation: a case study and econometric evidence for Switzerland

The Journal of Technology Transfer - “Coasean” institutions are an alternative institutional form that provides a solution to some market and coordination failures. As such they can...