强化内需驱动确保经济平稳较快发展

投资、消费、对外贸易被视为经济增长的"三驾马车",它们共同影响着经济增长的基本态势。在不同的发展阶段,投资、消费、对外贸易对经济增长的拉动作用各不相同,政府的重视程度也存在较大差异。目前,在外贸和投资支撑面临双重压力的情况下,启动内需,发挥内需对经济增长的驱动作用已经成为急需解决的重要问题。     

德国民法对中国制定物权法的借鉴作用

<正> 随着民事立法速度的加快,我国制定物权法已经不是很遥远的事情。在制定中国物权法时,借鉴外国法尤其是德国民法这样举世闻名的法律是非常必要的。在此,对我国制定物权法可以借鉴德国民法的几个方面谈一点看法。 一、采纳物权行为理论作为物权法立法的理论基础 所谓物权行为,指的是以物权的设立、移转、变更和废止为目的的法律行为。如所有权的移转、用益物权或担保物权的设立等行为就是物权行为,——更精确地说,其中包括着物权行为。所谓物权行为理论,就是将关于物权的设立、变更、移转和废止的行为和结果只当作物权行为的结果,使其不受其原因行为(一般为引起该行为的债的原因)的效力和结果影响的理论。该     

Comparison of fingernail striation patterns in identical twins.

The fingernail ridge patterns of a pair of identical twins were compared to each other, their parents, and an unrelated subject. The patterns of the twins' nails showed regions of strong similarity but were distinguishable from one another. Fewer similarities were found when comparing the nails to those of the parents and the unrelated control. The twins were shown to be monozygotic by means of DNA profiling. This therefore represents the first demonstration of unique fingernail ridge patterns in subjects shown conclusively to be identical twins. When the fingernail ridge patterns were examined with a scanning electron microscope, the backscattered electron (BEI) images were found to have superior contrast when compared to the secondary electron (SEI) images.     

我国劳动争议处理制度的缺陷与完善

我国现行劳动争议法律制度为处理和解决大量的劳动争议发挥了不可磨灭的积极作用。但随着经济体制改革的深入,特别是国有企业劳动制度改革的深入,私营企业和外资企业的大量涌现,劳动争议的数量不断增加,争议的内容和程度也越来越复杂,我们的劳动争议调处体系开始出现不协调的现象,而且存在的问题也越来越突出。所以劳动争议法律制度的改革和完善就成为所有法律工作者所面临的一项重要课题。本文从分析劳动争议产生的原因入手对劳动争议法律制度的完善提出一些建议。     

对德国处理历史问题的几点思考

2005年是世界反法西斯战争胜利60周年。60年来,德国历届政府和大多数民众对纳粹罪恶历史的谴责、对历史问题的正确认识和处理、对新纳粹等极右翼势力的警惕,都受到国际舆论的肯定和好评。德国对历史问题的处理是在一定历史条件下结合具体国情开展的,外部压力、政府政策和民众自我反省精神等因素互相影响,交织发挥作用,经历了一个对历史问题不断检讨和深化认识的过程。本文就德国处理历史问题的立场、政策、效果、特点以及前景等提出一些看法。     

重新认识民间金融活动,因势利导为经济发展服务

民间金融活动不能等同于违法、违规金融活动。民间金融长期存在的客观事实表明其必然有一定的合理性。在分类归纳民间金融的种类和特点,分析其利弊影响的基础上,本文提出了因势利导,加强管理规范,使其更好地为经济发展和群众生活服务的治理思路。     

Sensitivity of various study technics in blood stains

Quadratic pieces of fleece measuring 16 mm2 were soaked with 10 different blood-samples in the dilution steps of 1:1, 1:10, 1:100, 1:1000, respectively, and were tested in blood group typing and identification tests of forensic serology. The above spezified dilutions correspond with 5 microliters, 0.5 microliter, 0.05 microliter and 0.005 microliter of blood, respectively. The detection limit of the microspectrometric test for blood was the dilution 1:10, of the porphyrine test a dilution above 1:100, whereas the preliminary test for blood (peroxidase) succeeded always up to a dilution of 1:1000 and the species determination by the radial immunodiffusion test in agar gels succeeded in most cases op to a dilution of 1:1000. The detection limit of the anti-human globulin inhibition test was between the dilution steps 1:10 and 1:100 when non-titrated and undiluted anti-human globulin serum was used. Gc- and ABO-grouping were possible up to a dilution of 1:100 and were thus the most sensitive grouping systems. Phenotyping of the enzyme-systems and the Gm/Km-system usually required stains with considerably higher blood concentrations i.e. stains of undiluted blood.     

Antitrust in China: The Problem of Incentive Compatibility

This paper reviews China's recent efforts to enact a competitionpolicy (antitrust) law. We focus on three issues: (1) What isthe substance of the proposed law, and how does it differ fromexisting antitrust law in other countries, (2) How will thelaw be implemented or enforced, and how will those who mustimplement this law interpret their mandate, and (3) What willbe the likely effects of this law given China's unique historyand cultural heritage. We emphasize China's economic, legaland regulatory contexts in which an antitrust law may be enforced.Our central focus is the problem of establishing a substantiveand procedural legal framework that is incentive-compatiblewith economic efficiency and growth. The draft law could beimproved, both to increase its clarity and to make its enforcementmore consistent with the goal of achieving improvements in economicefficiency. Nevertheless, there is much merit in the draft,especially its strong focus on reducing anticompetitive practicesof state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and other government bodies.However, our major difficulty with the new law is that, in theabsence of a tradition of reliance on the rule of law, Chineseand foreign enterprises will find it very difficult to relyon the antitrust statute or the actions of the courts in Chinaas a basis for predicting the antitrust liability that mightresult from various business practices. Therefore, the principalvector by which antitrust law (or indeed any law) affects economicbehavior is absent from the Chinese scene. Unless the bureaucracythat enforces the new antitrust law actively pursues a policyof consistent enforcement based on written guidelines, staredecisis, or other sources of predictability, the substance ofthe statute itself will have little significance. That outcomewould represent a significant loss for the economic welfareof the Chinese people.     

NETWORK REGULATION: THE MANY FACES OF ACCESS

Telecommunications regulation has experienced a fundamentalshift from rate regulation to increased reliance on compelledaccess, perhaps best exemplified by the Telecommunications Actof 1996's imposition of no fewer than four new access requirements.Unfortunately, each access requirement is governed by a separateset of rules for determining both the scope and the price ofaccess. The resulting ad hoc regime has created difficult definitionalproblems and opportunities for regulatory arbitrage. In thisarticle we propose a system inspired by the discipline of mathematicsknown as graph theory that integrates all of the different formsof access into a single analytical framework. This system separatesdifferent access regimes into five categories: (1) retail access,(2) wholesale access, (3) interconnection access, (4) platformaccess, and (5) unbundled access. It also provides insightsinto how each type of access complicates the already difficultproblems of network configuration and management and introducesinefficient biases into decisions about network capacity anddesign. The approach we propose also provides insights intothe transaction cost implications of the different types ofaccess. Drawing on the Coasean theory of the firm, our approachexamines the tradeoffs between internal governance costs andthe external transaction costs of providing access to offera theory of network boundaries. This framework shows how accessregulation distorts networks' natural boundaries and providesa basis for evaluating whether private ordering through marketswould lead to more efficient network design.