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171.
Given the fundamental unidimensionality in thedata on Supreme Court voting patterns1951–1993 we observe, we are able todetermine the identity of ``median'' membersof each court in a fashion that does notrequire subjective coding of the extent towhich particular cases reflect left-rightissues. Also, while the exact numericalvalues of MDS-obtained locations cannot becompared across different ``natural courts'',the positions of Supreme Court justicesacross their careers relative to the courtson which they served can be traced. Ourdata show overwhelming quantified evidenceof a very strong rightward drift (relativeto our MDS defined dimensions) in thecomposition of the court as we move fromthe Warren Court to the Burger Court, andagain as we move from the Burger Court tothe Rehnquist Court. 相似文献
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This article examines the politics and substance of mandatereform in the 104th Congress. It briefly describes the evolutionof the mandate issue, examines the process by which the issuewas placed on the national agenda, and traces the formulationof a legislative response. It analyzes in detail the politicsof enacting mandate-reform legislation, paying particular attentionto patterns of support and opposition and to changes in thesepatterns over time. It concludes by examining the prospectsfor successful implementation of the legislation and its likelyconsequences for the intergovernmental system. 相似文献
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Carey TJ 《The Notre Dame lawyer》1979,54(4):696-715
177.
State legislatures in the United States engage in a substantialamount of international activity. In the 2001-2002 legislativesessions, some 886 bills and resolutions with significant internationalimplications were introduced. Approximately 306 of these wereadopted. This level of international activity has increasedsubstantially since 1991, and the substantive focus has changedover time. In addition, about half of all state legislaturesreceived at least one foreign delegation and sent at least onedelegation of members abroad in the last session. As in mostareas of state policy, there is considerable interstate variationin legislatures' international activities. Some states had virtuallyno international legislative activity, whereas others were veryactive. The principal factors explaining this variation werethe degree of state involvement in the international economy,as measured by the level of state exports, and party controlof the legislature. 相似文献
178.
David G. Mccalman Timothy J. Wilkinson Lance Eliot Brouthers 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2000,25(1):75-82
This paper finds that U.S. firms tend to utilize their manufacturing processes when operating in the U.K. but that they adopt the production standards of the host country. Three process technology variables are examined: MRP I (materials requirements planning), JIT (just in time), and TQM (total quality management). While significant differences are found between indigenous plants in each of the two countries, the adoption of these manufacturing technologies is similar for American firms operating in either country. In contrast, U.S. transplants are found to be enthusiastic adopters of ISO 9000, suggesting that host country effects are large when it comes to conforming to regional standards. 相似文献
179.
Timothy A. Wise 《The Journal of peasant studies》2013,40(4):855-870
It has become an article of faith in international trade negotiations that farmers in developing countries have much to gain from agricultural trade liberalisation. This paper assesses the evidence for such claims, relying on World Bank data and analyses, United Nations trade data, and other economic modelling carried out to inform the current round of World Trade Organisation negotiations. It concludes that the promise of agricultural trade liberalisation is overstated, while the costs to small-scale farmers in developing countries are often very high. 相似文献
180.
Timothy Adams Jean-David Gerber Michèle Amacker Tobias Haller 《The Journal of peasant studies》2013,40(7):1435-1457
ABSTRACTThe paper highlights the mechanisms through which outgrower contract farming creates dependencies at the local level. Using sugarcane case study in Malawi, we show that dependencies are created through redefinition of use rights to customary land and through the redefinition of cash flows into outgrower communities. Through this two-dimensional process, corporations can secure access to land, exert control over local communities and transform the local social relations of reciprocity serving as the pillars of resistance. Our results indicate that contract farming changes rural agrarian relations, transforms local family institutions by carefully selecting a few household members with influence into the scheme and selectively dispossessing the poor community members. 相似文献