One percent bikers clubs: A description

This paper, through an extensive literature review of biker websites, newspaper articles, popular books, the limited scholarly research, and court cases, as well as interviews and associations with law enforcement officers and 1% bikers, identifies and describes the major 1% biker clubs. The Big 5 clubs—Hell’s Angels, Bandidos, Outlaws, Pagans, and Sons of Silence— are discussed. Their history, number of chapters in the United States and overseas, and a “best guess estimate” of membership numbers are also provided. Similar information is provided on the major independent 1% biker clubs—Warlocks, Mongols and Iron Horsemen. There is also a brief discussion of the role of puppet (support) clubs and the four black or interracial 1% biker clubs. This research, describing the clubs, is the first step needed to stimulate research on this under researched topic.     

刑事被害人过错责任研究

在西方国家,被害人有过错具有积极的刑法学意义,它是减轻犯罪人刑事责任的法定事由之一。但我国刑法没有关于被害人过错影响量刑的具体规定,造成刑罚适用上的不均衡。通过研究被害人过错责任、影响被害人过错责任大小的因素以及认定被害人过错的方法,将对定罪量刑和完善刑法理论体系具有重要意义。     

112例脑弥漫性轴索损伤分析

目的探讨脑弥漫性轴索损伤（diffuse axonal injury,DAI）与脑挫裂伤和原发性脑干损伤的关系。方法分析112例DAI伤者的法医临床学资料和影像学特点,对原发性脑损伤的特征进行比较。结果112例DAI伤者中70.5%为交通事故致伤,多次暴力致伤比较多见（60.7%）,伴脑挫裂伤者80例（71.4%）。CT或MRI发现出血灶者90例。结论DAI多伴有脑皮质挫裂伤和原发性脑损伤,CT或MRI有助于法医学死因分析和伤残程度鉴定。     

无碳复写字迹的化学消退特征初探

无碳复写消退变造文书案件近年呈增多趋势。采用多种常见有机溶剂对无碳复写字迹进行化学消退实验，并比较消退效果及消退特征，可以为化学消退无碳复写字迹的检验提供基础性研究数据。     

行政许可还是行业自治——基于网吧行业治理的分析

网吧行业作为我国新兴行业,其行业治理的既往历史与未来走向具有借鉴意义。当今网吧行业的治理主要是基于行政许可制度的政府管制,但在实践中,政府管制却不能解决网吧行业出现的所有问题。行业自治作为公民社会的一个重要标志,应用于网吧行业治理将成为一种有效手段。目前,我国应该结合政府管制与行业自治,积极协调综合治理,使网吧行业健康发展。     

Complex Social Organization: Multiple Organizing Modes, Structural Incongruence, and Mechanisms of Integration

This article conceptualizes and analyses a type of complex social organization consisting of heterogeneous organizing modes and social relationships, combining, for instance, relationships making up markets and hierarchies as well as various types of informal networks. Each mode is constituted and regulated on the basis of a system of social rules making up a particular normative order and operates in terms of its own particular rationality or social logic. When modes are combined or integrated into multi-institutional complexes or organizations, the resultant structure entails zones of incongruence and tension at the junctures or interfaces of the different organizing modes and social relationships. The article identifies a number of such incongruent organizing modes that are common in complex social organizations or inter- institutional complexes. It goes on to identify several of the institutional strategies and arrangements including rituals, non-task-oriented discourses, and mediating roles that actors develop and institutionalize in dealing effectively with incongruences and potential conflicts in complex, heterogeneous organizations. The article suggests that problems of structural incongruence - and the tensions and conflicts that arise in connection with it as well as responses to these - are major features of complex organizational and inter-institutional arrangements. Moreover, it suggests that social order - the shaping of congruent, meaningful experiences - in these complex organizations as in most social life builds on non-rational foundations such as rituals and non-instrumental discourses. These contribute to maintaining social order and to providing a stable context, even for rational decision-making and action.     

科技传播的障碍分析及对策研究

科技传播是人类传播的一个重要分支,它包含科技传播主体、科技传播媒介、科技传播内容、科技传播受传者、科技传播效果五个基本要素及学术交流、科学教育与科学普及三个层次.科技传播系统存在的问题会形成科技传播的"噪音"制约、阻滞科技传播发展,而且系统环境中的"噪音"也会对科技传播构成影响.同时,在单次的传播流程中,科技传播的每个环节或要素都可能制约科技传播活动的进展、科技传播事业的进程.因此,应从加强科技传播系统环境建设和完善科技传播系统要素两个层面提出清除障碍的对策、方法.     

大教育、大培训视野下经侦专业人才培养模式探究

当前公安招录体制的改革，为反思经侦专业人才培养模式提供了契机。在“大教育”、“大培训”的视野下，为培养出复合型的高层次经侦专业人才。必须更新教育理念，明确培养规格，规划培养内容，设计培养路径，从而构建新时期“零接轨、求复合、厚基础、重科学”的经侦专业人才培养模式。