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71.
Valerie Cromwell 《议会、议员及代表》2013,33(2):187-193
F.L. Carsten: The First Austrian Republic 1918–1938: A Study Based on British and Austrian Documents. (Gower Publishing 1986, pp. 309; ISBN 0 566 05162 1; £22.50.) A.R. Peters: Anthony Eden at the Foreign Office 1931–1938. (Aldershot: Gower Publishing and New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986; pp. viii, 402; ISBN 0 5660 5117 6; £25.00.) Brian Girvin and Roland Sturm (eds.): Politics and Society in Contemporary Ireland. (Aldershot: Gower Publishing, 1986; pp. ix, 199; ISBN 0 566 05135 4; £18.50.) Klaus von Beyme: Political Parties in Western Democracies (Aldershot: Gower Publishing, 1985; pp. xiii, 444; ISBN 0 566 00570 0 £25.00.) Gordon Smith: Democracy in Western Germany: Parties and Politics in the Federal Republic (3rd edition, Gower, 1986; pp. xi, 243: ISBN 0 566 05267 9 (pb); £6.95.) George C. Malcher: Poland's Politicized Army: Communists in Uniform (New York, Praeger Publishers, 1984: pp. xvi, 287; ISBN 0 275 91221 3; £34.95.) I. Crewe and M. Harrop (eds): Political Communications: The General Election Campaign of 1983 (Cambridge University Press, 1986; pp. vii, 335; ISBN 0 521 30425 3; £25.00.) 相似文献
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Seed aid is increasingly applied as an emergency response throughout Africa. This article describes its rise, its goals and the seed security principles which should shape it. Drawing on evidence of the effects of disaster, the article reviews the appropriateness of current seed aid responses and suggests ways to link the type of seed security problem with the type of response employed. Direct seed distribution, the dominant form, seems suited for a subset of conditions when farmers procure seed through formal channels and when seed is not sufficiently available in an area. Seed vouchers and fairs may be more widely applicable as this approach strengthens channels that farmers normally use (both formal and informal) and addresses the more common problem of farmers' lack of access to seed. Key for improving seed aid is a better understanding of how local seed markets function, as these provide a core of seed security in normal and stress periods. 相似文献
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Natural disasters devastate economies as they impede capital accumulation. The resilience of labour markets is crucial for the poor who rely on labour to reduce risk. We evaluate how the 1998 ‘flood of the century’ affected wages in Bangladesh. We find short-term declines in agricultural and non-agricultural wages. Agricultural workers who moved towards non-agricultural employment to cope benefitted through a lower percentage reduction in short-term wages. Endowed with human capital, salaried workers were unable to mitigate income risk. Extending the eligibility of credit access or relief programmes may preserve local businesses and their employees in the years following a flood. 相似文献
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Jon Wilson M.S.F.S. Valerie Fuller Ph.D. Gifty Benson M.S.F.S. D.D.S. Denise Juroske M.S.F.S. Eric Duvall M.S.F.S. Jun Fu Ph.D. Jane Pritchard M.T. C.L.S. Robert W. Allen Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(4):1050-1057
Abstract: A method is described for the quantitation of total human and male DNA. Q‐TAT utilizes end‐point, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the amelogenin and SRY loci to quantify DNA and incorporates a cloned nonhuman template to detect PCR inhibition. Standard curves of fluorescence from amelogenin or SRY amplicons were generated from amplification of known amounts of NIST traceable SRM‐female or SRM‐male DNA. Curves showed good linearity up to 500 pg of SRM‐template (R2 > 0.99) and reliably estimated total and male DNA content in casework samples. The nonhuman pRLnull template included in each PCR was a sensitive indicator of known PCR inhibitors including EDTA, hemin, blue denim dye, and humic acid. Finally, the SRY amplicon was a sensitive indicator of male DNA and, in mixtures, could reliably estimate male DNA present in an excess of female DNA. The Q‐TAT multiplex is a reliable quantitation method for forensic DNA typing. 相似文献
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In this article, we conjoin two long‐standing lines of inquiry in criminology—the study of prison life and the study of sexual assault—by using original qualitative and quantitative data from 315 transgender women incarcerated in 27 California men's prisons. In so doing, we advance an analysis of the factors and processes that shape their experience of sexual victimization in prison. The results of qualitative analysis of 198 reported incidents of sexual victimization exhibit a range of types of sexual victimization experienced by transgender women in prison and reveal the centrality of relationships to their experiences of victimization. Findings from logistic regression models buttress the qualitative results, highlighting a factor that consistently and powerfully indicates vulnerability to sexual victimization is involvement in consensual sexual relationships with male prisoners. Together, the data demonstrate the prominence of intimate partner violence in prison, complicate the distinction between consent and unwanted sexual experiences in the lives of transgender women in prisons for men, and shine a light on the workings of gender in a total institution that privileges heteronormativity at the expense of the safety of transgender women in prisons for men. We discuss the implications of our findings in light of timely policy concerns. 相似文献
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Marceau Kristine Brick Leslie A. Knopik Valerie S. Reijneveld S. A. 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2020,49(1):17-31
Journal of Youth and Adolescence - Cortisol reactivity is a frequently studied biomarker of substance use, though infrequently examined in adolescence. However, past research provides evidence that... 相似文献
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For many years, researchers assumed that the public was indifferent to corporate wrongdoing, but recent surveys have discovered evidence to the contrary. Taking insights from these data a step further, this study employed an experimental design to examine whether people responded differently to corporate versus individual wrongdoers. We varied the identity of the central actor in a scenario involving harm to workers. Half the respondents were informed that a corporation caused the harm; the remainder were told that an individual did so. Respondents applied a higher standard of responsibility to the corporate actor. For identical actions, the corporation was judged as more reckless and more morally wrong than the individual. Respondents' judgments of the greater recklessness of the corporation led them to recommend higher civil and criminal penalties against the corporation.Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the annual meetings of the Law and Society Association (1986), the Society for the Study of Social Problems (1986), and the American Psychological Association (1987). Writing was facilitated by a NIMH Fellowship in Psychology and Law at Stanford University to Valerie Hans. The authors wish to thank Jeffrey Davidson, Sam Gaertner, Michael Levi, Nancy Pennington, David Sciulli, Wes Skogan, and Robert Wood for their contributions to the work. 相似文献
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