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191.
192.
Colby E. Ott M.S. Kourtney A. Dalzell B.S. Pedro José Calderón-Arce M.S. Ana Lorena Alvarado-Gámez Ph.D. Tatiana Trejos Ph.D. Luis E. Arroyo Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(6):1935-1944
The increasing demand for rapid methods to identify both inorganic and organic gunshot residues (IGSR and OGSR) makes electrochemical methods, an attractive screening tool to modernize current practice. Our research group has previously demonstrated that electrochemical screening of GSR samples delivers a simple, inexpensive, and sensitive analytical solution that is capable of detecting IGSR and OGSR in less than 10 min per sample. In this study, we expand our previous work by increasing the number of GSR markers and applying machine learning classifiers to the interpretation of a larger population data set. Utilizing bare screen-printed carbon electrodes, the detection and resolution of seven markers (IGSR; lead, antimony, and copper, and OGSR; nitroglycerin, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, diphenylamine, and ethyl centralite) was achieved with limits of detection (LODs) below 1 µg/mL. A large population data set was obtained from 395 authentic shooter samples and 350 background samples. Various statistical methods and machine learning algorithms, including critical thresholds (CT), naïve Bayes (NB), logistic regression (LR), and neural networks (NN), were utilized to calculate the performance and error rates. Neural networks proved to be the best predictor when assessing the dichotomous question of detection of GSR on the hands of shooter versus nonshooter groups. Accuracies for the studied population were 81.8 % (CT), 88.1% (NB), 94.7% (LR), and 95.4% (NN), respectively. The ability to detect both IGSR and OGSR simultaneously provides a selective testing platform for gunshot residues that can provide a powerful field-testing technique and assist with decisions in case management. 相似文献
193.
Monzó-Nebot Esther Moreno-Rivero Javier 《International Journal for the Semiotics of Law》2020,33(2):253-262
International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique - This is the guest editors’ introductory paper to the special issue “Situating... 相似文献
194.
195.
Family policies have traditionally been weak in Southern Europe. In the last two decades, however, and following a ‘catching up’ course, Spain has created new family programmes and expanded existing ones. Meanwhile, the picture for Italy during the years preceding the crisis is more of a ‘frozen landscape’. However, the diverging paths of the two countries in terms of policy reform in the years preceding the crisis do not place them in substantially different positions. The economic crisis and the austerity measures that followed have aggravated the weaknesses of family and care policies in both countries. 相似文献
196.
The article concentrates on recent successes of non-partisans (independents) in Polish local government. A majority of mayors and councillors remains unaffiliated with any party—in this respect Poland is an outlier among European countries. The article examines both the factors determining the cross-national variation in the level of local government partyness and those causing the differences between the municipalities. The analyses of local elections held in 2006 and 2010 demonstrate that non-partisans' successes are primarily due to the previous election results (the advantage of incumbency); a possible ‘partisan offensive’ to colonise new resources in local politics is sluggish. 相似文献
197.
Kristín Loftsdóttir 《Nora, Nordic Journal of Women's Studies》2013,21(3):198-204
The purpose of this article is to provoke much‐needed discussion on the uses by feminists, in particular feminist political scientists, of the language of discourse, discourses and discursive. The terms, it argues, have become ubiquitous, with considerable confusion about intended meanings. A particular concern is the growing tendency among some feminist political scientists to use “discourse” as shorthand for ways of talking about an issue. Critical to sorting through different meanings of discourse, it argues, is the question of subject “agency”—the extent to which subjects can use discourses or are constituted by them. As a way forward the article advances a dual‐focus agenda that builds bridges across discourse traditions; identifying both the ways in which interpretive and conceptual schemas delimit understandings, and the politics involved in the intentional deployment of concepts and categories to achieve specific political goals. 相似文献
198.
Erla Hulda Halldórsdóttir 《Nora, Nordic Journal of Women's Studies》2013,21(1):35-49
When reading and interpreting private letters the historian needs constantly to be aware of the personal nature of her sources, asking herself to what extent she can use the information revealed in these letters and how far she can go in interpreting another persons' words and deeds—a life. The author argues that the small size of Icelandic society makes this especially important, because descendants or relatives of the people who are being explored and represented in the historian's work are often very sensitive to biographical work of this nature. Furthermore, the historian has to be aware of the ambiguous nature of private letters, as they are not necessarily a “true” narrative of what happened, and the meaning of the sentiments expressed can be unclear to the modern reader. Moreover, what is written in private letters can easily affect the historian emotionally. The author argues that historians must treat private letters with care and do justice to the people that once were alive and left these personal sources for posterity. However, historians must not hesitate to ask new and challenging questions—to reach as far as possible when interpreting a life. This leads the author to reflect on her own disposition in her research, to acknowledge that the boundaries between herself and her subject could become blurred. She does not, however, consider this to be a hindrance for her research but rather sees it as an opportunity to explore and discuss the nature of her sources and to reflect on how knowledge is being produced. 相似文献
199.
László Bruszt Béla Greskovits 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2009,44(4):411-434
This article analyzes the deep and shallow modes of international integration, semicore, semiperipheral, and peripheral profiles
of global insertion, and the presence and absence of transformative state capacity and social cohesion, as interacting dimensions
of capitalist diversity in post-socialist Eastern Europe and Latin America. On these grounds, it is argued that Cardoso and
Faletto’s dependent development paradigm maintains validity. When adapted to the new conditions, their approach is able to
capture the overlapping and divergent aspects of capitalist development in both regions. Recent patterns of development demonstrate
that although dependency, stemming from the unequal distribution of resources, roles, and opportunities, continues to be an
important aspect of the international division of labor, it ceases to contradict even complex forms of industrialization.
Similarly, notwithstanding the asymmetrical power relationships characterizing them, the new transnational integration regimes
allow and sometimes help formation of new nation states with improved regulatory capacities. Finally, dependency does not
necessarily undermine domestic social inclusion. Rather, it is up to the democratic competition to strike a balance between
the requirements of promising international and socially acceptable domestic integration. 相似文献
200.
This paper presents evidence on the impact of labor regulations on income inequality using a recently published database on labor institutions and outcomes as well as different panel data analysis techniques for a large sample of countries for 1970–2000. When applying our preferred technique we find that both de jure and de facto regulations improve the distribution of income although the former appear to be non-robustly associated with improving income inequality. This result partly reflects the fact that regulations are endogenous and, more interestingly, that different regulation yield distinct effects. 相似文献