全文获取类型
收费全文 | 324篇 |
免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 9篇 |
工人农民 | 16篇 |
世界政治 | 19篇 |
外交国际关系 | 19篇 |
法律 | 133篇 |
中国政治 | 2篇 |
政治理论 | 130篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 6篇 |
2019年 | 10篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 4篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 8篇 |
2013年 | 41篇 |
2012年 | 11篇 |
2011年 | 10篇 |
2010年 | 8篇 |
2009年 | 12篇 |
2008年 | 12篇 |
2007年 | 8篇 |
2006年 | 2篇 |
2005年 | 10篇 |
2004年 | 11篇 |
2003年 | 8篇 |
2002年 | 5篇 |
2001年 | 8篇 |
2000年 | 13篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有329条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Edelman G Manti V van Ruth SM van Leeuwen T Aalders M 《Forensic science international》2012,220(1-3):239-244
Non-destructive identification and subsequent age estimation of blood stains are significant steps in forensic casework. The latter can provide important information on the temporal aspects of a crime. As previously shown, visible spectroscopy of blood stains on white backgrounds can successfully be used for their identification and age estimation. The use of this technique however, is hampered by dark backgrounds. In the present study the feasibility to use near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was evaluated for blood stain identification and age estimation on dark backgrounds. Using NIR reflectance spectroscopy, blood stains were distinguished from other substances with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. In addition, Partial Least Squares Regression analysis was applied to estimate the age of blood stains on colored backgrounds. The age of blood stains up to 1 month old was estimated successfully with a root mean squared error of prediction of 8.9%. These findings are an important step toward the practical implementation of blood stain identification and age estimation in forensic casework, where a large variety of backgrounds can be encountered. 相似文献
52.
McFall’s (1982, 1989) Social Information Processing (SIP) model outlines different stages in cognitive processing and decision-making that may be deficient in men who engage in interpersonal violence (IPV). A decision-making task was developed to assess the utility of abusive and nonabusive behaviors among 32 men who engage in mild IPV, 32 maritally distressed men, and 32 nondistressed men. Because anger impacts appraisal and decision-making (e.g., Lerner and Tiedens in Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 19, 115-137, 2006), all participants were randomly assigned to an anger induction or neutral induction condition. As hypothesized, the perceived utility for abusive behavior was greater for angry abusive men and the perceived utility of control appeared to significantly contribute to this difference. Specific deficits in the IPV group were found, supporting a SIP model of IPV, aiding in understanding the function of violent behavior. Despite study limitations, these findings have implications for enhancing specific skill training components of treatment for abusive men. 相似文献
53.
54.
Randall L Schweller 《Cambridge Review of International Affairs》2010,23(1):145-163
The random and indeterminate nature of the current unipolar world suggests a condition of increasing entropy. There are two reasons for this claim. First, relative capability advantages under unipolarity do not translate as easily as they once did into power and influence over others. Second, systemic constraint is a property that limits actors' freedom of action by imposing costs and benefits on certain kinds of actions. Unlike past multipolar and bipolar systems, the current unipolar system exerts only weak, if any, systemic constraints on the unipolar power and all other actors as well. Thus, polarity has become a largely meaningless concept. Today, system process rather than structure best explains international politics, and this process is one of entropy. Finally, I suggest two pathways from unipolarity to a more balanced system: one is fairly consistent with standard balance-of-power realism but adds an ideational component; the other restores equilibrium by means of entropy. 相似文献
55.
Linda R. Stanley Kimberly L. Henry Randall C. Swaim 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(9):1203-1214
This study seeks to provide a greater understanding of the factors that determine the perceived availability of alcohol and
its role in predicting adolescents’ alcohol use. Participants were 151,703 7th–12th grade students (50% female) from a sample
of 219 rural communities across the United States, with oversampling for predominantly Mexican-American and African-American
communities. Multilevel analysis was used to estimate the perceived availability of alcohol as a function of physical and
social availability measures and individual and community-level control variables. Physical availability was measured as the
number of alcohol outlets in the community and whether beer and wine were sold in non-liquor stores. Social availability measured
the availability of alcohol from social or family groups. Last month alcohol use was then estimated as a function of physical,
social and perceived availabilities and control variables. Physical availability had little relationship to perceived availability
or recent alcohol use while social availability was a strong predictor of both. Perceived availabilities at the individual
and community levels were significant in predicting last month alcohol use. The findings suggest that altering both perceived
and actual availability of alcohol can potentially have strong effects on the levels of adolescent alcohol use. 相似文献
56.
2005 saw the passing of landmark legislation for policing in Ireland??the Garda Síochána Act??which made substantial changes to the structures and operation of governance and accountability. It came on the heels of the greatest scandal ever faced by the Irish police. This paper sets out to assess critically the impact of that legislation. We begin by considering the nature of police reform and the various conditions necessary for successful change. We then contextualise the reforms in Ireland, considering the existing structures of governance and accountability and highlighting the numerous concerns which existed in relation to them. The focus then turns to the Morris Tribunal, which documented gross misconduct and corruption in one Garda division. We examine how this served as a major catalyst for reform in Ireland. The paper then turns to consider the reforms themselves providing an overview of the legislation and critiquing in depth a number of features: the clear centralisation of government control over the police, the limited independence of the new independent police complaints body and the failure to fully embed the reforms in a human rights agenda. We conclude by arguing that insufficient steps have been taken to address police governance and accountability in Ireland and that the best opportunity for such reform may have been missed. 相似文献
57.
Intergovernmental competition can enhance efficiency. Centralization of government expenditures inhibits intergovernmental competition because it makes governments more homogeneous, and so cartelizes local governments. Cartelization reduces Tiebout competition, and limits benchmark competition in which one government??s performance can be compared with neighboring governments. Measuring fiscal centralization as the ratio of local to state and local government expenditures within the state, the evidence shows that more fiscal decentralization is associated with higher levels of state per capita income. Cartelization of local governments negatively impacts income. 相似文献
58.
Tamer Awad Tarek Belal Jack DeRuiter C. Randall Clark 《Forensic science international》2010,194(1-3):39-48
The methoxy methyl phenylacetones share an isobaric relationship (equivalent mass but different elemental composition) to the controlled precursor substance 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetone (3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone; 3,4-MDP-2-P). The ten ring substituted methoxy methyl phenylacetones are resolved by capillary gas chromatography on a modified cyclodextrin stationary phase. All ten regioisomeric ketones eluted before the controlled precursor substance 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetone. The vapor phase infrared spectra generated from the capillary column effluent clearly differentiated 3,4-MDP-2-P from the various methoxy methyl phenylacetones. Additionally the methoxy methyl phenylacetones provide unique individual infrared spectra. Infrared absorption frequencies and patterns confirmed the relative position of the methoxy-group and the acetone side-chain for the regioisomeric ketones. 相似文献
59.
Hon. Randall T. Shepard 《Family Court Review》2010,48(4):607-618
It is widely accepted that the number of self‐represented litigants has skyrocketed nationwide, especially in family law cases. Although nationwide comprehensive data on the number of self‐represented litigants do not exist, anecdotal evidence supports the belief that self‐representation is increasing. The challenge for courts and the entire legal profession is how to respond. Most observers in Indiana would agree that the traditional model of family law litigation—both spouses represented by lawyers settling their disputes before a judge—is no longer the norm in family law cases. Judges face a dilemma: assisting a self‐represented litigant to level the playing field against a represented party is seen by many as violating impartiality, even if the assistance is rendered to create a just result. In an effort to address the situation, the Indiana Supreme Court created the Pro Se Advisory Committee in April 2001. This article explores the long‐range implications of the issue of self‐represented litigants on Indiana's court system in hope that it will provide some insight for other jurisdictions. The first part of the article addresses the numbers of self‐represented litigants by tracking growth or declines in self‐represented cases and assessing whether there are any pockets of self‐represented litigants geographically or in certain case types. The second part of the article puts Indiana into context with the rest of the nation and reviews national trends. The third section reviews Indiana's response to self‐represented litigants over the last decade. The fourth section reviews current and ongoing projects in Indiana. The article concludes that the issue of self‐represented litigants will not fade away and that the challenge that guides the legal profession is how we provide equal access to justice for all who enter our courthouses. 相似文献
60.
From 1939 to 1968 Florida used a unique referendum system to set property tax rates for public school operating expenditures at the median millage rate selected by voters. These referendums revealed the entire distribution of voter preferences, which is not possible in the standard up or down referendum. We are the first to use the Florida referendum data. The form of the ballot played an important role in how people voted. Voting machine elections were much more likely than paper ballots to result in rejections of the recommendations of school boards, and produced much greater dispersion of expressed preferences. 相似文献