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Abstract: Examination is made of a range of alcohol related problems and alcohol related offences in the United Kingdom, including Scotland. Traditionally only a limited number of sentences are available to the courts. The contribution of diversion schemes is considered briefly and, in particular, the use of a deferment scheme in Dumbarton, Scotland. Offenders considered suitable are referred by the court to the Dumbarton Area Council on Alcohol for assessment. Those accepted for help receive individual and group counselling from voluntary counsellors. The progress of these offenders is examined at the end of the six or twelve months deferment period and again after a two year follow up. 相似文献
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Min. Rat Dr. Andreas Sommer WP Dkfm. Dr. Reinhard Wieser 《wohnrechtliche bl?tter: wobl》2012,25(4):140-144
Der vorliegende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, inwieweit die grunds?tzliche K?rperschaftsteuerbefreiung nach dem Wohnungsgemeinnützigkeitsgesetz anerkannter gemeinnütziger Bauvereinigungen für den Kernbereich ihrer wohnungswirtschaftlichen T?tigkeiten in einem Spannungsfeld zur europ?ischen Beihilfenproblematik steht. 相似文献
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NIGEL COLLINS 《The Political quarterly》1986,57(3):236-245
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We examine the role of gender in legal decision making by applying critical mass theory to the U.S. federal district courts. We analyze whether behavioral differences manifest themselves in the decision‐making proclivities of male and female judges, contingent on the existence of a critical mass of female judges at a court point (i.e., each city in which a district court is located). Our results indicate that women jurists exhibit distinctive behavior in certain cases when there is a critical mass of women at a court point. These differences are most significant in criminal justice cases; modest differences between men and women are also identified in civil rights and liberties cases. Gender is not significant in labor and economic regulation cases. These findings suggest that the increasing presence of women on the federal bench could have substantial policy ramifications in the American polity. 相似文献
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