In a court-mandated, child-focused class for divorcing parents, parental mastery of skills taught were evaluated both immediately after the class and 6 months later. Parents perceived the classes to be realistic and useful. Skills were effectively learned and were maintained over the evaluation period. Parents reported that they were successful in dramatically lowering exposure of their children to parental conflict. Relative to a comparison group of parents divorcing the year before the classes were initiated, parents completing the class were better able to work through how they would handle difficult child-related situations with their ex-spouses and were willing to let their children spend more time with the other parent. Few gender differences were observed—mothers perceived the class as more realistic; fathers showed greater improvement on some skills. Similarly, interest level in further training was not predictive of class benefits, suggesting that enthusiasm for parenting training is probably not essential. 相似文献
A survey of sex and birth control behavior of 51 male adolescents aged 15–17 was conducted utilizing a structured interview protocol. The purpose of the study was to describe male adolescent birth control behavior incorporating developmental issues, and to interpret the findings in light of what is known about female birth control behavior. Based on research with teenage females, three social influences were examined for their possible impact on male birth control behavior. A new operational definition ofmale effective birth control usage involving the effectiveness of the method and the consistency of its usage was developed. Findings similar to those obtained from research on females suggest that adolescent sexual partners may be the only direct social influence on adolescents' birth control usage. Results indicating differences from research with females suggest that in general: male birth control behavior is primarily self-oriented, males are more likely to be effective contraceptors with casual partners than with girl friends, males are more likely to communicate about sex and birth control with similar age peers than with family members and/or other adults, and that teen males view sex and birth control decisions as female decisions.He also conducts private psychotherapy, specializing in marital and family therapy. His doctorate from the University of Pennsylvania is from a unique joint program in marital/family therapy and sex education. His interests include sex roles and their impact on intimate relationships, adolescent development, and male sexuality. This article is based on his doctoral dissertation.faculty member in the Human Sexuality Program. Dr. Rose served as supervisor on Dr. Cohen's doctoral dissertation. 相似文献
Brams, Fishburn, and Merrill (1988) contend that the indeterminacy of approval voting (AV), introduced in our paper (1988), is not a vice, but a surpassing virtue of AV. They do not compare the negative versus the positive features of AV, so their assertion remains a conjecture. Our response emphasizes the need to determine the costs of AV and to evaluate them against any merits. Moreover, by correcting and answering BFM's comments, the argument against AV becomes much stronger. This is because we show that AV's region of indeterminacy is quite large; it includes most profiles. Some of the consequences of this instability are that the AV outcome can negate the voter's true wishes, that the AV outcome can be volatile even to minor fluctuations of voter's decisions, and that AV is one of the most susceptible systems to manipulation by small groups of voters (for example, small, maverick groups could determine the AV outcome). Under specific circumstances, AV may be appropriate. To identify these situations we propose the more accurate name of the "Unsophisticated Voter System." 相似文献
Chandran Kukathas, David W. Lovell & William Maley, eds, The Transition from Socialism: State and Civil Society in the USSR. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire, 1991, vii+227 pp., $24.99.
Vladimir Tismaneanu, In Search of Civil Society: Independent Peace Movements in the Soviet Bloc. London: Routledge, 1990, x+191 pp., £30.00.
John Feffer, Beyond Detente. New Options on East‐ West Relations. London: I. B. Tauris & Co., 1990, xviii+238 pp., £14.95
Robert Hall, Soviet Military Art in a Time of Change: Command and Control of the Future Battlefield. London: Brassey's (UK), 1991, xix+203 pp., £22.50, $40.50 h/b.
Alfred D. Low, Soviet Jewry and Soviet Policy. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990, 249 pp., $37.50 相似文献
Conclusion Throughout this article, the primary emphasis has been on how the courts in Canada and the United States have decided to apply international human rights standards, many of which have been incorporated into national constitutions, in extradition cases. The emphasis on national courts reflects the particular North American experience, where only limited jurisdiction in these matters exists in the relevant international forum, the UN Human Rights Committee. Accordingly, resort must be made to domestic constitutional rights.In order to give practical effect to international human rights obligations in Canada and the United States, courts can play a useful role, in addition to the role exercised by the executive branch of government. The ambit of this role depends upon the point at which judicial interference is viewed as necessary to protect fundamental rights and override considerations of international cooperation. In Canada the point has been located where there is a risk of treatment that is simply unacceptable178 or that would shock the conscience. In the United States, courts have in the past demonstrated a degree of willingness to probe into potential violations that would be expected if extradition were to be granted and that would offend a federal court's sense of decency.180 However, there is dispute about the propriety of this encroachment on the rule of noninquiry. Recently, the pendulum has begun to swing toward applying the rule of noninquiry more stringently and, at present, U.S. courts play a very limited role in examining the motives behind an extradition request and the procedures or punishment that likely await an individual upon return to the requesting state.While there are many differences between the constitutional regimes of protection in Canada and the United States as compared with the multilateral treaty protection of the European Convention, there appear to be a number of parallels in interpretation and application. Continued scrutiny of the jurisprudence from both sides of the Atlantic could benefit each jurisdiction.This article was originally prepared for an international workshop on Principles and Procedures for a New Transnational Criminal Law, organized jointly by the Society for the Reform of Criminal Law and the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law, Freiburg, Germany, May 21–25, 1991. The views expressed herein are those of the authors themselves and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Canadian Department of Justice.B.A., University of Winnipeg 1975; LL.B., University of Manitoba 1978; LL.M., University of Toronto 1980.LL.B., University of Manitoba 1980; B.A., University of Manitoba 1986; Dip. Soc. Sci., University of Stockholm 1988; M.A., University of Toronto 1989. 相似文献
Michael Mandelbaum (ed.), Post‐Communism: Four Perspectives. New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1996, vi + 208 pp.
Raymond Taras, Consolidating Democracy in Poland. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996, xii + 276 pp., £44.50 h/b, £13.50 p/b.
Jane Leftwich Curry & Luba Fajfer (eds), Poland's Permanent Revolution: People vs. Elites, 1956–1990. Lanham: American University Press, 1995, x + 294 pp., $64.50 h/b, $27.50 p/b.
Ben Slay (ed.), De‐monopolization and Competition Policy in Post‐Communist Economies. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996, ix + 245 pp.
Éva Ehrlich & Gabor Révész, Hungary and its Prospects, 1985–2005. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1995, 166 pp., $29.00.
Simon Clarke (ed.), Conflict and Change in the Russian Industrial Enterprise. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 1996, ix + 298 pp., £45.00.
Maurice Ernst, Michael Alexeev & Paul Marer, Transforming the Core: Restructuring Industrial Enterprises in Russia and Central Europe. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996, xx + 315 pp., £13.50.
John S. Strong & John R. Meyer, Moving to Market: Restructuring Transport in the Former Soviet Union. London: Harvard University Press, 1996, ix + 237 pp, £19.95.
Raymond J. Struyk (ed.), Economic Restructuring of the Former Soviet Bloc. The Case of Housing. Washington: The Urban Institute Press, 1996, xviii + 373 pp., £51.95 h/b, £22.95 p/b.
Istvan Pogany (ed.), Human Rights in Eastern Europe. Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 1995, xv + 255 pp., £39.95.
Lucjan Dobroszycki & Jeffrey S. Gurock (eds), The Holocaust in the Soviet Union. Studies and Sources on the Destruction of the Jews in the Nazi‐Occupied Territories of the USSR, 1941–1945. London: M. E. Sharpe, 1993, xii + 260 pp., $59.95 h/b, $24.95 p/b.
Robert Bideleux & Richard Taylor (eds), European Integration and Disintegration: East and West. London and New York: Routledge, 1996, xii + 298 pp., £45.00 h/b, £13.99 p/b.
F. Stephen Larrabee (ed.), The Volatile Powder Keg: Balkan Security after the Cold War. Washington, DC: The American University Press, 1994, xxviii + 320 pp., $27.50.
John F. Wright, Suzanne Goldenberg & Richard Schofield (eds), Transcaucasian Boundaries. London: UCL Press, 1996, vii + 237 pp.
Juris Dreifelds, Latvia in Transition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1996, ix + 214 pp., £40.00 h/b, £14.95 p/b.
Alfred Erich Senn, Gorbachev's Failure in Lithuania. New York: St Martin's Press, 1995, xx + 188 pp., $39.95.
Neil Melvin, Russians beyond Russia: The Politics of National Identity. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1995, vi + 170 pp., £11.99.
Kathleen E. Smith, Remembering Stalin's Victims. Popular Memory and the End of the USSR. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996, xv + 220 pp., £23.50.
Martin McCauley, Stalin and Stalinism, 2nd edn. London and New York: Longman, 1995, xiii + 142 pp., £5.99.
Christopher Read, From Tsar to Soviets. The Russian People and Their Revolution, 1917–1921. London: UCL Press, 1996, vi + 330 pp.
C. M. Hann, The Skeleton at the Feast. Contributions to East European Anthropology. Canterbury: Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing, University of Kent at Canterbury, 1995, xv + 250 pp., £10.00.
Irena Maryniak, Spirit of the Totem: Religion and Myth in Soviet Fiction, 1964–1988. London: The Modern Humanities Research Association, Texts and Dissertations Series, Volume 39, 1995, x + 186 pp., £25.00.
Nancy Condee (ed.), Soviet Hieroglyphics: Visual Culture in Late Twentieth‐Century Russia. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1995, xxv + 179 pp., £14.99. 相似文献
The concept of health involves two dimensions: The level of function at a point in time and the probability of transition to other levels at future times. By applying measured social values to the distribution of the population among a set of levels, a Function Status Index aptly summarizes the Level-of-Well-Being of a population at a point in time. By incorporating empirically determined transition probabilities into a simple stochastic model, a Quality-Adjusted Life Expectancy can be computed that approximates a comprehensive social indicator for health. The indicators possess the statistical properties required for time series and interpopulation comparisons, for studying outcomes and quality of medical care, and for health system optimization in planning and policy analysis. 相似文献
Abstract. The Report of the Commission on the Relations between Universities and Governments was published in June 1970, in both English and French. The Commission was created by the university community rather than by government, and its members were Professors René Hurtubise and Donald Rowat. In this article, Dr Rowat summarizes the Commission's main findings and recommendations, and comments on the rising cost of post-secondary education. The Report deals with the role of the university in society, the relations between universities and provincial governments, the role of the federal government in higher education and research, and problems of interprovincial coordination. So as to protect university independence in the face of growing provincial supervision, the Report recommends the creation of provincial university coordinating commissions, with members from government, the universities and the outside public. The Report also argues that the federal government's role in higher education should be more limited, and that its role in university research should be co-ordinated with that of the provinces. To promote interprovincial coordination, the Council of Ministers of Education should be strengthened and there should be created under its aegis an interprovincial commission on higher education. Rapidly rising costs will force us to face basic questions regarding how many should go to university, what kind of higher education is to be given, and how it should be organized. Sommaire. Le Rapport de la Commission sur les relations entre les universités et les gouvernements a été publié en juin 1970, à la fois en anglais et en français. La Commission avait été créée par le Communauté universitaire plutôt que par le gouvernement, et ses membres étaient les professeurs René Hurtubise et Donald Rowat. Dans cet article, le Dr Rowat resume les principales conclusions et recommandations de la Commission et fait le point sur le coût croissant de l'éducation post-secondaire. Le Rapport traite du rôle de l'université dans la société, des relations entre les universités et les gouvernements provinciaux, du rôle du gouvernement fédéral dans l'enseignement supérieur et la recherche, ainsi que des problémes de coordination interprovinciale. Afin de maintenir l'indépendance des universités face à une intervention provinciale toujours plus grande, le Rapport recommande la création de Commissions de coordination universitaires provinciales formées de membres du gouvernement, du corps universitaire et du public. Le Rapport soutient également que le rôle du gouvernement fédéral dans l'enseignement supérieur devrait être plus limité et que son rôle du point de vue de la recherche universitaire devrait être coordonné avec celui des provinces. Pour favoriser la coordination interprovinciale, il faudrait augmenter le pouvoir du Conseil des ministres de l'éducation et créer, sous son égide, une Commission interprovinciale de l'enseignement supérieur. La montée en flèche des frais nous obligera bientôt à considérer des questions fondamentales: le nombre de jeunes gens à admettre dans les universités, le genre d'éducation supérieure à fournir et la façon de l'organiser. 相似文献