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21.
Wendy Larcombe 《Feminist Legal Studies》2002,10(2):131-148
This article proposes that feminist legal critics need to be able to explain how some rape cases succeed in securing convictions.
The means by which rape cases are routinely disqualified in the criminal justice system have received widespread attention.
It is well established in feminist legal critique that female complainants are discredited if they fail to conform to an archaic
stereotype of the genuine or ‘real’ rape victim. This victim is not only morally and sexually virtuous she is also cautious,
unprovocative, and consistent. Defence tactics for discrediting rape testimony involve exposing the complainant's alleged
failure to comply with the sexual and behavioural standards of the normative victim.
This understanding of how rape complain(an)ts are disqualified is not predictive, however, of the complainants whose cases
succeed in securing convictions. This article reviews some successful Australian rape cases and considers the ways in which
they disturb feminist understandings of how rape complaints are discredited in the criminal justice system. It proposes that
recent research analysing the discourse of rape trials provides a way of explaining the apparent discrepancies between the
‘ideal’ rape victim and successful complainants.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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The “just war” philosophy of Cicero, St. Augustine, and St. Thomas Aquinas has had momentous and provocative implications
for modern political theory. The use of force by police is one theme through which the just war tradition can be utilized
to demonstrate the extent of infusion for the concept in the Western political archetype. As police become constrained in
their use of force, they are bound by the concepts inherent in the philosophy of the just war doctrine. The Supreme Court,
likewise, has been influenced by the philosophy of the just war tradition in many of its decisions regarding the proper use
of force by police. 相似文献
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Wagner WE 《Duke law journal》2004,53(6):1619-1745
One of the most significant problems facing environmental law is the dearth of scientific information available to assess the impact of industrial activities on public health and the environment. After documenting the significant gaps in existing information, this Article argues that existing laws both exacerbate and perpetuate this problem. By failing to require actors to assess the potential harm from their activities, and by penalizing them with additional regulation when they do, existing laws fail to counteract actors' natural inclination to remain silent about the harms that they might be causing. Both theory and practice confirm that when the stakes are high, actors not only will resist producing potentially incriminating information but will invest in discrediting public research that suggests their activities are harmful. The Article concludes with specific recommendations about how these perverse incentives for ignorance can be reversed. 相似文献
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The utility of pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) in live birth determination is not well established. Because the distinction between live birth and stillbirth may be important in criminal proceedings, we undertook this study to investigate the relationship between the histologic finding of PIE and live birth. Sixty-six cases of infant death were retrieved and compared with 21 stillborn infants. Histologic sections of the lungs were characterized as "florid PIE," "equivocal PIE," or "absent PIE." Sixteen cases of florid PIE were identified, all in live born infants. Forty-seven cases of equivocal PIE were found in 36 live born and 11 stillborn infants. In 24 cases (14 live born infants and 10 stillborns), no PIE was identified. We examined the relationship between florid PIE in infants with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) or "sudden unexpected death in infancy, manner undetermined" (SUDI), and also its relationship to other variables. No association was found. The presence of equivocal PIE may be an artifact of tissue processing. Florid PIE is found only in live born infants. No correlation between the presence of florid PIE and cause of death could be determined. 相似文献
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