全文获取类型
收费全文 | 292篇 |
免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 29篇 |
工人农民 | 7篇 |
世界政治 | 34篇 |
外交国际关系 | 10篇 |
法律 | 88篇 |
中国政治 | 1篇 |
政治理论 | 119篇 |
综合类 | 7篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 7篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 6篇 |
2015年 | 2篇 |
2014年 | 3篇 |
2013年 | 55篇 |
2012年 | 2篇 |
2011年 | 8篇 |
2010年 | 8篇 |
2009年 | 3篇 |
2008年 | 8篇 |
2007年 | 11篇 |
2006年 | 8篇 |
2005年 | 10篇 |
2004年 | 11篇 |
2003年 | 9篇 |
2002年 | 7篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 5篇 |
1968年 | 5篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 5篇 |
1963年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有295条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Though it is neither possible to identify pure direct nor pure representative democracies, some polities employ direct democracy more often than others, like Switzerland or California. Based on an analysis of all referenda and initiatives in these two countries this study examines the impact of direct democracy on public policy making, especially on social policy. Starting from considerations upon the level of public policy within both systems, it is hypothesized that direct democracy generates a lower spending level than a representative democracy. This theoretical reasoning is supported by the empirical findings. Moreover, it is possible to identify a lag effect and a structural effect resulting from direct democracy. Differentiation between the several instruments of direct democracy illuminates different effects of direct democracy upon social policy, especially for Switzerland. 相似文献
82.
Crime rates have dropped substantially in the United States, but incarceration rates have remained high. The standard explanation for the lasting trend in incarceration is that the policy choices from the 1980s and 1990s were part of a secular increase in punitiveness that has kept rates of incarceration high. Our study highlights a heretofore overlooked perspective: that the crime–punishment wave in the 1980s and 1990s created cohort differences in incarceration over the life course that changed the level of incarceration even decades after the wave. With individual-level longitudinal sentencing data from 1972 to 2016 in North Carolina, we show that cohort effects—the lingering impacts of having reached young adulthood at particular times in the history of crime and punishment—are at least as large (and likely much larger) than annual variation in incarceration rates attributable to period-specific events and proclivities. The birth cohorts that reach prime age of crime during the 1980s and 1990s crime–punishment wave have elevated rates of incarceration throughout their observed life course. The key mechanism for their elevated incarceration rates decades after the crime–punishment wave is the accumulation of extended criminal history under a sentencing structure that systematically escalates punishment for those with priors. 相似文献
83.
International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique - Every legal system needs to update its rules from time to time. Since legal rules are laid down... 相似文献
84.
Liz Herbert McAvoy 《Women's history review》2013,22(5):801-819
This article uncovers the lost history of the early fourteenth-century religious recluse, Katharine de Audley, a woman whose life came to be both distorted and romanticised by legend and literary adaptation in the centuries that followed. Tracing first the various literary treatments of Katharine as medieval anchorite, and second, her lived history as it emerges from the records, and by placing both within the historical and ideological context of medieval anchoritism, the author argues for the female anchorite as forming part of a critical practice which continued to address socio-religious and personal needs both in her own day and long after she and her vocation had fallen from immediate cultural consciousness. 相似文献
85.
What role do legacies of past mobilization under late communist rule play in the success of the radical right parties in Eastern Europe? This article considers two major legacies: the legacy of national-accommodative communism and the legacy of patrimonial communism. We investigate the effect of welfare retrenchment on vote support for radical right in 2000s. Social policy reform retrenchment in universalistic welfare systems has a highly incendiary potential for political conflict and radical parties. In countries with a legacy of national accommodative communism, early differentiation of major parties on socio-cultural issues and strategies of social policy compensation kept reform losers at bay, which limited voter success of radical parties. Highly polarized patrimonial regimes, on the contrary, are the most fertile breeding ground for the radical right due to the high levels of inequality and dissatisfaction resulting from a rapid dismantling of the welfare state. The ethnic composition of countries plays an important role in the radical right mobilization as well. Radical right parties benefit from a situation in which the titular majority faces a small ethno-cultural minority. 相似文献
86.
Herbert Kaufman 《Public administration review》2007,67(6):1041-1048
Tasked with the responsibility of finding new and innovative ways of improving administrative management, Arthur W. Macmahon, James W. Fesler, and Herbert Emmerich creatively enriched the final report of the President's Committee on Administrative Management with their analyses. But that is not the only reason for celebrating this work today. These documents still merit attention because they are historical landmarks that draw attention to the continuing tensions between Congress and the president over which branch of government should have control over executive branch agencies. This study makes the case for a strong executive in a manner that has rarely been as clearly and forcefully stated as it was in 1937. It reminds the field that policy decisions remain nothing but aspirations until they are turned into action. Reading this study is like reading any classic treatise on government—it generates thought. 相似文献
87.
88.
89.
Rates of commitment in Colorado counties were examined over time, and a cross-sectional sample of convicted adult offenders was analyzed to determine if offenders are being diverted from incarceration in the State of Colorado. Results vary by county as to whether actual diversion or widening of the net occurs. The end result of the placement process, however, appears to be that diversion from incarceration is taking place for most offenders sentenced into community corrections. 相似文献
90.