美国的“政治大棒”与德国的法律程序——后“9·11”时代,美德反恐国际合作第一案之解读

"9·11"事件后,德美看似亲密的反恐合作关系却在德国法院审判"9·11"事件中的国际恐怖嫌疑分子穆特萨迪格和穆祚迪案中陷入了困境。两国政府在反恐策略上的差异为这两个案件的结局规定了方向。德国政府部门拒绝向德国法院提供关键证据,损害了德国检察官的指控能力。美国政府拒绝与德国法院合作,则直接冒犯了德国法院的自尊。由于审判是在德国民众反对美国入侵伊拉克以及阿尔布莱格监狱丑闻之爆发的背景下进行的,德国公共舆论同情被告人,积极影响并支持了法院的判决。这两个案件可以视为德国法院及民众对布什政府所实施的反恐策略的一次大审判,判决结果是布什政府败诉。     

行政补贴特性探讨

行政补贴实务中的诸多问题一定程度上可归因于对补贴的定性不准,而目前理论界对此缺乏系统的分析。本文结合WTO中的《SCM协定》的相关规定,探讨了行政补贴的法律性质。在公法行为、私法行为或“两阶段”方面,行政补贴属于公法行为且为“一阶段”的行政行为;在授益行为或负担行为方面,行政补贴具有授益和负担两个方面的特性且部分具有第三人效力;在羁束行为或裁量行为方面,行政补贴一般为羁束行为,部分补贴则为裁量行为。     

论邓小平南方谈话蕴涵的执政党建设思想

保持党和国家的长治久安“关键在党”,是贯穿于邓小平南方谈话中的一条红线。沿着这条红线,南方谈话对党的政治、思想、组织和作风建设等方面作了深刻、全面而又集中的阐发。系统挖掘和分析南方谈话中的执政党建设思想,具有重大的现实意义和深远的历史意义。     

冲击铁路群体性治安事件的原因

造成冲击铁路群体性治安事件的原因是复杂的 ,多方面的 ,既有主观方面的原因 ,也有客观方面的因素。对此笔者从政治、经济、社会、文化和心理五个方面进行了分析 ,阐明了带有普遍规律性和特殊性的结论。     

当前宏观经济形势与政策分析

在党的十六大精神和“三个代表”重要思想的指引下,今年上半年我国经济发展虽然受到非典影响,但总体发展仍然呈上升势头。从发展势头可以判断我国经济已逐步摆脱低迷,开始了新一轮的增长。一、十三届四中全会以来我国宏观经济发展的回顾1989年后,为了治理连续五年的通货膨胀,中央在宏观调控上推出双紧方针,即紧缩的财政政策和紧缩的货币政策。通过三年的治理整顿,使通货膨胀得     

DNA commission of the International Society of Forensic Genetics: Recommendations on the interpretation of mixtures

The DNA commission of the International Society of Forensic Genetics (ISFG) was convened at the 21st congress of the International Society for Forensic Genetics held between 13 and 17 September in the Azores, Portugal. The purpose of the group was to agree on guidelines to encourage best practice that can be universally applied to assist with mixture interpretation. In addition the commission was tasked to provide guidance on low copy number (LCN) reporting. Our discussions have highlighted a significant need for continuing education and research into this area. We have attempted to present a consensus from experts but to be practical we do not claim to have conveyed a clear vision in every respect in this difficult subject. For this reason, we propose to allow a period of time for feedback and reflection by the scientific community. Then the DNA commission will meet again to consider further recommendations.     

From processing to analysing: Intensifying the use of microcomputers in development bureaucracies

This article examines constraints in development bureaucracies in intensifying the use of microcomputers as they move beyond processing applications to analysing applications. The work is based on the experience of several ministries of the Government of Kenya. Processing applications involve throughput of data and are relatively simple. Analysing applications, in contrast, are more complex and include data assembly, sensitivity analysis, and modelling. The article argues that processing applications are more compatible with the administrative cultures, bureaucratic functions, personnel skill levels and organizational structures of development bureaucracies. Analysing applications are less compatible because they require a level of training and motivation uncommon in development bureaucracies. Analysing applications are further thwarted by constraints in the supply of relevant information and the lack of demand for analysis by decision-makers. A four-cell matrix is developed which explains these constraints. The article concludes with several recommendations for encouraging microcomputer-based analysis, but cautions that processing applications will continue to dominate for the foreseeable future.