Community participation and inner-city slum renewal: relocated people's perspectives on slum clearance and resettlement in Addis Ababa

The article explores the process of residential relocation in inner-city slum renewal in Addis Ababa. Drawing on qualitative research methods involving interviews and focus group discussions with members of relocated households, it examines the nature of people's involvement in inner-city renewal and how it affects their lives. The article argues that the process of planning and implementation of relocation is not only top-down, but also does not involve the perspectives, needs, and livelihood strategies of those affected. The article concludes that the city administration needs to work closely with NGOs, the private sector, and community-based organisations in order to meet the housing needs of relocated households.     

Determinants of people's participation: a study of rural West Bengal,India

This article considers the determinants of people's participation in local level decision-making spaces in rural West Bengal, India. It defines participation from the perspectives of attending meetings, raising issues, making complaints, and making contributions. The results from a sampled household survey in East Midnapore district of West Bengal indicate that better awareness, increase in land holdings, organisational membership, and political affiliation tend to improve participation. Households showing livelihood dependency and entitlement, and belonging to socially and economically weaker sections are more likely to participate. However, the results point towards the possibility of ‘elite capture’ and ‘clientelism’ in participatory spaces.     

武汉汉族群体3个多拷贝Y-STR基因座的遗传多态性

目的提供DYS385、DYS459和DYS464基因座的群体遗传学资料。方法用荧光标记引物及ABI 3100型基因分析仪对武汉地区176名汉族男性无关个体的DYS385、DYS459和DYS464 3个多拷贝Y-STR基因座进行分型。结果在DYS385和DYS459基因座的个体,可观察到1~2个不同长度的扩增产物;DYS464基因座个体,可观察到1~4个不同长度的扩增产物。DYS385基因座检出14个等位基因及47种单倍型,DYS459检出4个等位基因及7种单倍型,DYS464检出9个等位基因及51种单倍型,其单倍型多样性分别为0.9591、0.6047和0.9560。3个基因座构成的联合单倍型共有133种,其多样性值达0.9909。结论3个多拷贝Y-STR基因座均为高多态性的遗传标记,联合应用具有较高的个体分辨能力。     

Forensic profiling of non-volatile organic compounds in soil using ultra-performance liquid chromatography: a pilot study

Soil is of particular interest to the forensic community because it can be used as valuable associative evidence to link a suspect to a victim or a crime scene. Liquid chromatography is a powerful analytical tool for organic compound analysis. Recently, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has proven to be an efficient method for forensic soil analysis, especially in discriminating soils from proximity locations. However, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), which is much more sensitive than HPLC, has never been explored in this context. This study proposed a UPLC method for profiling non-volatile organic compounds in three Malaysian soils (red, brown and yellowish-brown soils). The three soils were analysed separately to assess the effects of individual chromatographic parameters: (a) elution programme (isocratic vs.</em> two gradient programmes); (b) flow rate (0.1 vs.</em> 0.2 mL/min); (c) extraction solvent (acetonitrile vs.</em> methanol) and (d) detection wavelength (230 vs.</em> 254 nm). The injection volume and total run time were set to 5 µL and 35 min, respectively. Consequently, each soil sample gave 24 different chromatograms. Results showed that the most desirable chromatographic parameters were (a) isocratic elution; (b) flow rate at 0.2 mL/min and (c) acetonitrile extraction solvent. The proposed UPLC system is expected to be a feasible method for profiling non-volatile organic compounds in soil, and is more chemical-efficient than a comparable HPLC system.     

船舶担保物权效力关系之辨正

我国《海商法》第19条虽然对已经进行登记的船舶担保物权间的顺序作出了规定,但《海商法》与《担保法》的相关规定却存在诸多冲突,《海商法》本身的规定也存在不完善之处。本文从民法基本理论出发,以《海商法》、《担保法》及其《解释》的规定为主要研究依据,紧扣海运融资业务中的实际,对比借鉴两大法系主要国家船舶抵押权制度的相关规定和研究成果,对船舶担保物权间的效力关系问题进行了整体性的研究。     

广东汉族群体DXS6854基因座的多态性

目的调查X染色体特异性基因座DXS6854在广东汉族群体的多态性。方法利用PCR和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及银染法显色技术进行基因分型。结果在广东汉族189名无关女性个体及230名无关男性个体中,发现了8个等位基因。等位基因频率分布在0.0026—0.4522之间,女性的基因型分布符合Hardy—Weinberg平衡,女性和男性个体的个体识别率(DP)分别为0.8633和0.7012。三联体检验非父排除率(PE)为0.6712。结论DXS6854有较高的个体识别率和亲权排除率,在个人识别和女孩的亲权鉴定中有应用价值。     

伪聋的瞬态诱发性耳声发射的研究

目的　探讨识别伪聋的客观方法。方法 运用瞬态诱发性耳声发射技术(TEOAE),对60个案例分3组,即伪聋组、正常对照组及感音神经性聋组进行瞬态诱发性耳声发射测试。结果 (1)正常对照组的检出率为96.67％,感音神经性聋组的检出率为20.00％,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);(2)伪聋组的检出率为100％,与正常对照组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 TEOAE检查,可发现感音神经性聋患者的听功能障碍。TEOAE技术对伪聋有识别作用,并当听力下降>40 dBHL时,检出率为零。     

外伤性脑梗死的形态学观察

目的 观察外伤性脑梗死的形态学特点,并探讨其与脑挫伤的鉴别。方法 从81例重型颅脑损伤中选出15例符合继发性出血坏死标准的脑标本,另选15例脑挫伤标本作对照,两者均经福尔马林固定后分别作冠状、矢状及水平切面,用肉眼与光镜观察。结果 外伤性脑梗死常见于5个部位,即基底节(3例)、扣带回(2例)、对称性枕部楔叶回(2例)、枕颞外侧回(6例,5例合并有中脑桥脑出血)和枕回(2例);梗死均不在直接受力点或其对冲点,范围明确局限,呈楔形或类楔形,且与脑疲密切相关。镜下见梗死区高度淤血、出血及坏死;水肿,并有白细胞浸润和胶质细胞反应。大脑各叶的梗死,严重者累及全皮层与蛛网膜下腔,未见软脑膜破裂;神经细胞缺氧或缺血性病变明显。脑挫伤的案例,见受力点或对冲部位的皮质及皮质下髓质处出血,挫伤处脑回顶部的软脑膜多破裂,挫伤的脑组织可有挫烂。结论 外伤性脑梗死在法医学上习惯称为继发性出血坏死;它是由于脑疝和水肿压迫颅内血管而形成。外伤性脑梗死和脑挫伤,根据其与脑疝的关系、病变部位、软脑膜是否完整,以及其它组织学改变,二者不难鉴别。     

Wintersport zwischen staatlicher und privater Regulierung Das Beispiel Tourengehen

Der Betätigung des Menschen in der freien Natur kommt auch eine Ausgleichsfunktion zu. Die dabei auftretenden Konflikte lassen sich mit unterschiedlichen Erfolgsaussichten einer rechtlichen Behandlung zuführen. Am Beispiel des wintersportlichen Tourengehens soll gezeigt werden, wie sich staatlich gesetztes Recht als ein mögliches Instrument des Naturschutzes darstellt und welche Alternativen in der Praxis genutzt werden, um die häufig bemühten Phänomene der Verrechtlichung und des Vollzugsdefizits gerade im Frei- und Freizeitraum Natur zu vermeiden.</i>