Hochwasserschutz im Spannungsverhältnis zum übrigen Fachplanungsrecht, Raumordnungsrecht und zur Bauleitplanung

Durch das Oderhochwasser, aber vor allem durch die Flutkatastrophe an der Elbe im August 2002, ist der Hochwasserschutz verstärkt in das öffentliche Bewusstsein getreten. Dies hat auf der Ebene von Bund und Ländern zu verschiedenen Aktionen geführt, die sich nunmehr in Gesetzesänderungen niederschlagen sollen 1. Der Hochwasserschutz kann dabei durchaus in ein Spannungsverhältnis zu anderen öffentlichen und privaten Anliegen und Belangen treten—vor allem, wenn sich aus deren Sicht Einschränkungen für die bauliche oder sonstige Nutzung der betroffenen Flächen ergeben können. Ein wichtiger Teilausschnitt aus diesem Gesamtproblem ist das Spannungsverhältnis des Hochwasserschutzes zum übrigen Fachplanungsrecht, zum Raumordnungsrecht und zur Bauleitplanung. Hierüber soll auf der Grundlage des vorliegenden Gesetzentwurfs der Bundesregierung zum verbesserten Hochwasserschutz berichtet werden. *) Der Beitrag beruht auf einem Vortrag, den der Verfasser auf dem 9. Leipziger Umweltrechts-Symposium Rechtliche Aspekte des vorbeugenden Hochwasserschutzes am 22. 4. 2004 gehalten hat und der auch in dem von dem Direktoren des Instituts für Umwelt- und Planungsrecht, Prof. Dr. Martin Oldiges und Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Köck betreuten Tagungsband erscheinen wird.     

B. Reviews and notes of recent bibliographies

i. Le Moyen‐Orient contemporain. By Guy Feuer, with the collaboration of S. Chauvin and F. Pourcelet. (Guides de Recherches, No. 6) Paris, Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, 1975. pp. 245. 48 fr.

ii. Eléments de bibliographie des études arabes. By Aubert Martin. Paris, Publications Orientalistes de France, 1975. pp. iii, 235. 35 fr.

iii. The Emergence of Arab Nationalism from the 19th century to 1921: A Bibliography. Compiled and annotated by Frank Clements, London, Diploma Press, 1976. pp. x, 290. £10.00

iv. Union catalogue of Arabia Serials and Newspapers in British Libraries. By the Middle East Libraries Committee, edited by Paul Auchterlonie and Yasin H. Safadi. London, Mansell, 1977. pp. xvi, 146. £12.50.

v. Arabia Historical Writing, 1973 & 1974. By Fawzi Abdulrazak. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library, 1974 & 1976. 2v. $ 8.65 (for both vols).

vi. Modern Arabic Literature: A Bibliography of Articles, Books, Dissertations and Translations in English. By Salih J. Altoma. Bloomington, Indiana University, Asian Studies Research Institute, 1975. pp. 73. $ 4.00

vii. The Kurds in Iran, a Selected and Annotated Bibliography. By Wolfgang Behn. London, Mansell, and Munich, Verlag Dokumentation, Publishers, 1977. pp. 76. £6.00

ix. American Doctoral Dissertations on the Arab World 1883–1974. Second edition. By George Dimitri Selim. Washington D.C., Library of Congress, 1976. pp. xviii, 173. Obtainable from: Superintendent of Documents, Government Publications Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Price: outside USA $5.75 plus $1.44 for overseas postage.

x. International and regional politics in the Middle East and North Africa: a guide to information sources. (International Relations Information Guide Series, 6). By Ann Schulz. Detroit, Gale, 1977. pp. xii, 244. $18.00

xi. The politics of African and Middle Eastern states: an annotated bibliography. By Anne Gordon Drabek & Wilfrid Knapp. Oxford, Pergamon, 1976. pp. x, 192. £6.75     

A New Concept of the Citizen-Soldier

The military manpower demands created by U.S. operations in Afghanistan and Iraq are causing extraordinary strains on recruitment, and the desirable size of the U.S. armed forces has become a topic of national concern. One key issue is the balance between active-duty forces and the reserve components, citizen-soldiers who face numerous service-related issues that the active-duty forces do not and who have their own unique sociology. We cannot continue to rely on the reserves for missions such as Iraq and Afghanistan, but must look to the use of short-term active-duty enlistments, drawn from recent college graduates, to perform duties currently being performed by reservists and even active-duty personnel.     

American Grand Strategy in a World at Risk

If there is no single long-standing American grand strategy, one nonetheless sees through the course of U.S. history the tracks of a grand strategy. It started with the idea of a U.S. monopoly in the Western Hemisphere, along with balances of power in the chief theaters of the world; with belief in the primacy of sea and air power and the need for an economic system to support these; and the objective of transforming international politics. Since 9/11, even if the strategic hierarchy, intensity, and political basis have changed, the Bush administration has largely been continuing in this same project, with a sensible strategy but poorly considered tactics.     

Hazards of mattresses, beds and bedding in deaths of infants

Of 52 infants who had died suddenly and were referred to autopsy, nine had lain on adult water beds for the first time; five had died as a result of accidents; two had died on water beds; two were in beds with widely spaced slats; and one had died as a result of strangulation. Three deaths were due to overlying. Three other infants had been placed on sheepskin rugs for the first time and were found dead shortly thereafter. These infants ranged in age from 2 to 9 months, except for a severely mentally retarded nine-year-old with spastic paraplegia. We believe that a general warning should be issued concerning water beds and that soft bedding should not be used for infants. Infants should not be placed unattended or left to sleep on water beds; only beds recommended for infants should be used. Overlying of a young infant is most likely to occur on a water bed, or if the parent is obese or has consumed alcohol.     

Outsourcing – Financial Services Authority report on offshoring

This article evaluates the 2005 Financial Services Authority report into offshore outsourcing with specific reference to experience in India. It concludes that, on the whole, the findings are positive and that UK business methods appear to transfer well.     

生物试样中巴比妥类药物固相提取柱上衍生化GC/MS分析

建立生物试样中常见巴比妥类药物的固相提取和柱上衍生化GC／MS分析法。将预制的血或肝分别在pH6．0和pH2.2的条件下过预活化的GDX－403吸附小柱，再用缓冲浪和蒸馏水各4ml顺序洗柱。最后用4ml丙酮／氯仿（1：1）溶剂洗脱样品，离心弃除水相，80℃挥至近干，用50μl乙醇定溶、取净化的样品2～4μl挥至近干，加20μl0．2molTMAH衍生化试剂，直接进样0.5μl，柱上衍生化GC／MS（GC）分析。在试验条件下，当血和肝分别添加2．0μg和5．0μg混合药物，回收率≥80％，相对标准差（RSD）优于±10％，检测限优于5ng（信／噪比≥2）。该法能有效地排除类脂物和组胺的干扰，可用于治疗量级药物分析和婴幼儿中毒案检验。     

The Alienated Frontier: Why the United States Can’t Get Osama bin Laden

Since the Russian-supplied Afghan army overthrew progressive President Daud in 1978, the nation has endured the long Soviet-Afghan war, the Taliban, and the arrival of U.S troops. These military actions have only heightened the historical alienation of the Pashtun tribes who overspread the long-contested border between Afghanistan and Pakistan. These are the people who are almost certainly sheltering Osama bin Laden. The Alienated Frontier is a centuries-old problem that must be solved if we are to win the war on terror, and solving it will require rebuilding the infrastructure, developing alternatives to poppy cultivation, and solving the “Pashtunistan” question. The capture or elimination of given individuals will achieve little if the conditions that allow radicals to thrive are not addressed     

Command of the Sea with Chinese Characteristics

As globalization accelerates, U.S. foreign policy makers have become less convinced of the influence geopolitics and power politics have on international affairs. They now risk losing touch with rising competitors like China that continue to view the international system in geopolitical terms. Chinese geopolitical strategists have great influence with the country's defense policy makers, who are focusing increasingly on the need for China to establish command of the seas—a goal that threatens conflict between it and the United States throughout Asia. In order to prevent a return to a world dominated by aggressive, geopolitically driven actors, the United States cannot afford to assume that China shares its worldview and that geopolitics has disappeared from international relations.