青少年文本和视觉资料中的全球化因素

全球化对青少年的影响可以从他们自身生活的描述中体现出来.本文运用文本分析的方法,对一次针对爱尔兰高中一年级学生(14-17岁之间的青少年)的问卷调查结果进行分析和总结,关注的重点在于青少年对自己生活的视觉性和其他方面的描述.从中可以看出,全球化在不同层次和方面影响了青少年对日常生活的理解和关切.     

无等级的合作:公共部门与非营利部门合作伙伴关系

在突发事件中,为实现公共服务目标而在公共部门与非营利部门间建立合作伙伴关系,这种模式可以为低效率的官僚制管理提供另一种选择。对911事件的实证研究表明,各级公共部门之间及公共部门与非营利部门间加强沟通和协调尤为重要。     

苏联改革的两面性:从改革走向崩溃

在毫无征兆的情况下,苏联突然解体了。苏共领导人戈尔巴乔夫的改革把苏联带入了一场典型的革命性进程之中。苏联的政治经济体制改革的起步非常谨慎,随后逐步扩大到政治层面,并升级为激进的政治诉求和改革,进而持续升温成为一场革命性的大动荡。旨在恢复社会秩序、实现社会稳定的苏联版"热月政变"由此出现。实际上,前苏联的这场改革并不像当下一些政客抑或是戈尔巴乔夫本人所讲述的那样,是一场有计划的、有组织性的,旨在实现民主化、西方式的民主社会类型和市场经济的改革。苏联的解体也并非因为灾难性的经济危机,事实上,苏联的经济早已是一潭死水。苏联之所以会走向解体,主要在于其一系列旨在解决严重的社会经济问题的改革准备既不充分,信息也不全面。历史上不乏各种经意和不经意的结果,这场改革将苏联整个社会推入了政治经济不断沉沦的漩涡,引起权贵阶层尤其是苏联加盟共和国中执政者的不安。这反过来又催生了一股压力,要求迅速纠正这些意料之外的结果。从本质上说,苏联解体是这场自上而下改革的结果,这场改革的开始是由于部分苏联精英利用了苏联上层社会对激进改革以及加盟共和国的民族主义的诉求,然而却以整个社会体系的改变而告终。     

Delinquent Behavior of Dutch Rural Adolescents

This article compares Dutch rural and non-rural adolescents’ delinquent behavior and examines two social correlates of rural delinquency: communal social control and traditional rural culture. The analyses are based on cross-sectional data, containing 3,797 participants aged 13–18 (48.7% females). The analyses show that rural adolescents are only slightly less likely to engage in delinquent behavior. Furthermore, while rural adolescents are exposed more often to communal social control, this does not substantially reduce the likelihood that they engage in delinquent behavior. Concerning rural culture, marked differences appeared between rural and non-rural adolescents. First, alcohol use and the frequency of visiting pubs were more related to rural adolescents’ engagement in delinquent behavior. Second, the gender gap in delinquency is larger among rural adolescents: whereas rural boys did not differ significantly from non-rural boys, rural girls were significantly less likely to engage in delinquent behavior than non-rural girls. However, the magnitude of the effects of most indicators was rather low. To better account for the variety of rural spaces and cultures, it is recommended that future research into antisocial and criminal behavior of rural adolescents should adopt alternative measurements of rurality, instead of using an indicator of population density only.     

Preventive HIV/AIDS education through physical education: reflections from Zambia

Governments, UN agencies and international and local NGOs have mounted a concerted effort to remobilise sport as a vehicle for broad, sustainable social development. This resonates with the call for sport to be a key component in national and international development objectives. Missing in these efforts is an explicit focus on physical education within state schools, which still enroll most children in the global South. This article focuses on research into one of the few instances where physical education within the national curriculum is being revitalised as part of the growing interest in leveraging the appeal of sport and play as means to address social development challenges such as HIV/AIDS. It examines the response to the Zambian government's 2006 Declaration of Mandatory Physical Education (with a preventive education focus on HIV/AIDS) by personnel charged with its implementation and illustrates weaknesses within the education sector. The use of policy instruments such as decrees/mandates helps ensure the mainstreaming of physical education in development. However, the urgency required to respond to new mandates, particularly those sanctioned by the highest levels of government, can result in critical pieces of the puzzle being ignored, thereby undermining the potential of physical education (and sport) within development.     

现阶段前苏联地区的共产主义运动

一、原苏联地区各国共产党的基本状况 白俄罗斯共产党是目前唯一一个不对国家的官方当局的政策持反对立场的政党。白俄罗斯共产党现有党员两万多人。塔季扬娜·根纳季耶夫娜·戈卢别娃任自俄罗斯共产党中央委员会第一书记。该党在国民议会中有自己的党团,与共和国领导人配合默契,积极支持白俄罗斯共和国总统卢卡申科的内外政策。     

21世纪资本主义的垄断和竞争(下)

垄断和20世纪60年代美国的激进政治经济学正如我们所指出的,马克思主义理论因希法亭和列宁的贡献开创了资本主义垄断阶段的概念,但是这个领域的工作在20世纪最初几十年停滞了。更为传统的马克思主义理论家满足于停留在马克思在《资本论》中基于19世纪的市场条件所确立的情况,无意于依据与垄断阶段相联系的新发展来扩展对资本主义的批判。然而,马克思主义(或者说新马克思主