The emergence of maternal-fetal conflict policies

George Washington University Medical Center's Policy on decisionmaking by pregnant patients is being widely circulated by the ACLU; copies of the Policy can be obtained by calling the American Civil Liberties Union Reproductive Freedom Project. There is, of course, much disagreement over the details of the Policy; not everyone will agree with its underlying philosophy favoring maternal rights. Nevertheless, there does seem to be a consensus that wherever possible these conflicts should be resolved in accordance with previously adopted policies rather than by the courts on an ad hoc basis. Had the Policy been in place in 1987, the Carder case would probably not have been submitted to a judge in the first place, nor would Angela Carder have been forced to undergo a Caesarean section. All hospitals should consider adopting a maternal-fetal conflict policy, and those that do so should be aware of the George Washington University Medical Center Policy, whether or not they agree with its provisions. Whatever policy each hospital ultimately develops should be integrated with decisionmaking and informed consent policies already in place. The formulation and implementation of such a policy, reflecting the hospital's legal and ethical obligations to its pregnant patients, will go a long way towards preventing unnecessary resort to the courts.     

Last rights. In sickness and in health, more people are taking life's biggest decision away from doctors and into their own hands

When dying is all that awaits them, more and more people are choosing certain death now rather than uncertain life on medical support systems. But the decision seldom comes easy, as a Newsweek reporter discovers during three weeks with the doctors, nurses, patients and families in an intensive-care ward. A best-selling guide to suicide fires debate over when it is right to let life go--and who should make that choice when the patient no longer can.     

被告人心理状态与审讯策略

<正> 以前研究审讯策略问题时,主要注意力大多放在被告人的气质、性格、感觉、知觉、记忆、思维、想像等心理现象方面。最近,许多学者已着手研究被告人心理状态在审讯中的作用以及如何利用的问题。他们达样做是有根据的。例如,达维多夫指出:"人的哪些心理应用哪些方法来影响,应有一个明确的概念",他认为心理状态是心理现象中的一个独立状态。在瓦西里耶夫、多斯普洛夫、杜洛夫、格拉兹林、拉季诺夫、罗什、茨维特科夫等人的著作中,对被告人     

民间投资对新疆经济发展的作用实证分析

资本是经济增长的最重要的因素,新疆作为欠发达地区资金需求很大。本文利用统计软件-SPSS(11.0)对新疆经济发展与民间投资进行回归分析。分析结果显示它们之间有着很大的相关性,因此在我区缺乏资金的情况下,经济发展要依靠民间资本。     

澳大利亚《信息技术证据管理指引》述评

在实行诉讼对抗制的国家，人们可以通过以下三种方法使信息技术证据成为保护企业利益的一种工具：(1)起诉，包括刑事诉讼；(2)法庭辩护；(3)为规则制定者和企业作出重要决策提供依据。然而，对于什么样的信息技术证据具有可采信性，人们仍有质疑。计算机法学正是研究如何确定、保存、分析及如何提交数字证据的一门新兴的学科。尽管传统上计算机法学被认为是一门滞后的学科，但是澳大利亚《信息技术证据管理指引》还是前瞻性地规定了能使电子证据效力最大化的系统生存周期的一些重要原则。