Progress in forensic anthropology: the 20th century

Anthropological contribution to forensic sciences has been multifaceted and the progress has been remarkable in the last quarter of this century. The field has brought together scientists from all around the world. The purpose of this paper is to present a special issue on forensic anthropological research. Some of the papers cover age estimation from the ankle and knee epiphyses (India), basioccipital synchondrosis (also India), sternal end rib metamorphosis in Turks, and histomorphometry of the Japanese. Sex determination from the South African cranium and Mongoloid humerus are the subject of two papers. Factors of individualization include a comparison of photographic images using neural network, bone trabecular radiography, determination of handedness from the humerus, time since death using 210Po to 210Pb ratio, and changes in the mineral content of bone after burial. From the papers in this special issue it can be concluded that there will be integration of many areas of forensic sciences to deal with anthropological issues in the 21st century. Estimation of time since death will be based on new and more precise techniques. Further research is needed to develop population specific osteological standards for populations of Africa, central and southeast Asia and Pacific region. In addition, there will be an increased interest in the study of living people.     

Age assessment by rib phase analysis in Turks

The I?can's phase method for the estimation of adult age at death from the sternal extremity of the fourth rib was introduced in 1983. Over the years, numerous tests have confirmed the reliability of this technique on varied samples. However, no large scale study has been conducted to test the application of this method on a modern white sample geographically, genetically, and culturally diverse from the American white database. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to apply rib phase standards to a Turkish sample to test if the progression of morphological changes follow the same age sequence. Using a sample of 150 males and 144 females of known age at death, each rib was phased using the standards developed by I?can and associates in 1984 and 1985. The phase estimations were then subject to an analysis of variance. The results of the study indicated that Turkish ribs show the same morphological characteristics that define the phases at nearly identical ages. Variation as measured by the standard deviation increased from phase 5 on in both sexes. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the rib phase standards can be accurately applied to Turks. Investigations of this nature are vital because one cannot assume that a method developed from one group is applicable to a distant population, especially in medicolegal proceedings.     

Handedness identification from intertubercular sulcus of the humerus by discriminant function analysis

The accurate determination of skeletal handedness is a critical requirement in physical anthropology and forensic science. To differentiate handedness, discriminant function analysis is applied using the parameters of right and left intertubercular sulci. A total of 200 matched unpaired adult humeri (100 right and 100 left), collected from the Department of Anatomy, were used to measure four parameters of the intertubercular sulcus namely, width (X1), depth (X2), angle of medial wall (X3) and angle of lateral wall (X4) and to note the presence of supratubercular ridge of Meyer (X5). The discriminant function obtained with the significant variables, angle of medial wall (X3), angle of lateral wall (X4) and presence of the supratubercular Meyer (X5) is: Y = 0.093X3 + 0.056X4 + 0.775X5 - 13.46. The accuracy of correct classification using the discriminant function is 89% which is the best starting point for handedness determination approach. The methodology of using discriminant function can be crucial for medicolegal jurisprudence.     

Ecological Civilization,Socialism,and Scientific Development

T HIS July marks the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China(CPC),whose first national congress back in 1921 heralded the social revolution that would liberate the Chinese people from feudal,imperialist,and bureaucrat capitalism oppression.Under the lead-ership of the CPC,the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.Seventy or more years later,with the development of socialism with Chinese characteris-tics,China has reached a medium-high ranking on the human development index,and greatly improved the living conditions of its 1.4 billion people,among other achievements.     

以“国家警察作为社会资源”理论为基点展开的言说——关于社区警务与中国群众路线警务的相关研究（上）

本文以“国家警察作为社会资源”理论为基点,对社区警务与群众路线警务这两种警务模式进行阐述。社区警务与群众路线警务有许多共同之处,两者都追求实现民主警务;两者都让公众参与解决社区问题;两者都寻求社区的引导、支持和监督。社区警务和群众路线警务并非完全一致,前者仰仗警察去打击犯罪,而后者则信由民众去解决自己的问题。文章还揭示了群众路线警务的基本观点、理念以及原则;从民众的视角,以国家警察力量作为解决问题的资源,探讨建构中国警务理论的若干问题和相关议题。     

Record Setter in Modern China＇s Bridge Engineering

If Greece is symbolized by the Parthenon, Italy by the Leaning Tower of Pisa and Britain by London＇s Tower Bridge, then the symbol of 1950s China was the Wuhan Yangtze Bridge in Hubei Province.     

Leaping over Natural Chasms,Transcending Ourselves

2008 is the 55th year since the founding of China Zhongtie Major Bridge Engineering Group Co.. Ltd （otherwise referred to as Zhongtie or the Group）, In reviewing our journey through the last half-century or so, inevitably, many memories came flooding back. Throughout that time. Zhongtie people have worked hard to achieve our goal of becoming a top-ranking business in China and a renowned company in the international arena. Not for one moment have we abandoned our ideals of growing our business, of taking care of our employees, of unremittingly pursuing excellence and of becoming an enterprise that＇s here to stay. Committing ourselves to our corporate ethos of “Leaping over Natural Chasms and Transcending Ourselves,” Zhongtie has not only constructed more than 1,100 bridges using a diversity of advanced techniques： we have also created a unique “Bridge Culture.”     

Enquiring About Tibetans in Western Sichuan

Most of the ethnic Tibetans in Maoxian, Wenchuan, Lixian, and Heishui counties of the A＇ba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province belong to the Jiarong branch, according to contemporary ethnology＇s classification system. The Jiarong people mainly live in the Greater and Lesser Jinchuan river basins,     

灾区生活

大地震摧毁了美丽的家园。但摧不垮灾区人民对生活的渴望。地震后,一座座临时医院、临时小学、帐篷超市迅速建立起来。我们又见到了灾区小女孩灿烂的笑脸．又看到了灾区群众到理发室理发、到银行存钱,又听到了学校里朗朗的读书声……灾区人民正在用乐观、豁达的精神迎接新的生活。     

“清静时间”管理法

如果一个人持续被打包,或者工作被打断,便会出现所谓的“锯齿效应”：哪怕在工作中分散一小会儿注意力,那么他要在原来岗位上重新开始继续工作,就需要额外时间,再一次准备和熟悉工作。要是把这段效率损失计算在内,我们就有可能损失28%的时间。