The Pivotal Role of Adolescent Autonomy in Secondary School Classrooms

Student engagement is an important contributor to school success, yet high school students routinely describe themselves as disengaged. Identifying factors that alter (increase) engagement is a key aspect of improving support for student achievement. This study investigated students’ perceptions of autonomy, teacher connection, and academic competence as predictors of changes in student engagement within the classroom from the start to the end of a course. Participants were 578 (58% female) diverse (67.8% White, 25.2% African American, 5.1% Hispanic, 1.2% Asian American) high school students from 34 classrooms who provided questionnaire data both at the start and the end of a single course. Novel results from a cross-lagged model demonstrated that students who perceived their classrooms as allowing and encouraging their own autonomy in the first few weeks increased their engagement throughout the course, rather than the typical decline in engagement that was demonstrated by students in other classrooms. This finding is unique in that it extended to both students’ perceptions of engagement and observations of student engagement, suggesting a fairly robust pattern. The pertinence of this finding to adolescent developmental needs and its relationship to educational practice is discussed.     

Associations Between Fifth Graders’ Gender Atypical Problem Behavior and Peer Relationships: A Short-Term Longitudinal Study

An accruing body of evidence supports associations between self-perceived gender typicality and peer relationship difficulties; however, researchers have yet to evaluate peers' perceptions of problem behaviors to gain insight into the social correlates of gender typicality. A short-term longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate associations between gender atypical problem behavior and subsequent peer relational difficulties for 2,076 fifth graders (M age= 10.27; 53% female). Peer nomination methodology was used to assess participants' classroom peer relationships, problem behaviors, and social-emotional characteristics. Findings showed that youth characterized by gender atypical, compared to gender typical, problem behavior (withdrawn boys/aggressive girls vs. withdrawn girls/aggressive boys, respectively) evidenced higher levels of subsequent peer difficulties; moreover, participation in a mutual friendship was associated with decreased risk for peer relationship maladjustment, particularly among youth characterized by gender atypical problem behavior. Results further revealed that, compared to friendless youth, friended youth earned higher prosocial and peer liking scores and, for withdrawn youth, lower emotional sensitivity scores. The present research contributes to our understanding of the potential short-term consequences of youth's gender atypical problem behavior. Findings underscore the need for supplemental conceptualizations of gender typicality as well as multifaceted interventions designed to promote the acceptance of gender nonnormativity, support the development of adaptive peer relationships, and reduce the occurrence of problem behaviors.     

骆驼的原虫疾病

在所有养骆驼的国家,锥虫感染都引起严重的发病率(达30％)和死亡率(约3％),其中最重要的是苏拉病,即伊氏锥虫(Trypanosoma evansi)感染。这是Evans氏于1880年在印度首先发现和研究的。在非洲,Cazalbou氏早在1896年也曾在马里的Timbuktu地方研究过此病。在苏联,由柯雅二氏锥虫T.ninae kohl—yakimov)在双峰驼所致的锥虫病称作“Su—auru”,这是一个哈萨克名称,意思是“来源于水的疾病”。锥虫病是乍得的骆驼     

Risk assessment and suicide prevention in primary care

General practitioners (GPs) are assumed to occupy an important position in the prevention of suicide through the introduction of risk assessment techniques commonly used in psychiatric practice. Despite this theoretical role for primary care services, it remains unclear how frequently GPs implement risk assessment in patients who may be vulnerable to suicide. To address this, a retrospective survey of probable suicides was conducted within a primary care setting utilizing a questionnaire of GPs who had experienced a patient suicide and was augmented by hospital and coroners' records. 85% of questionnaires were returned and 61 deaths were adjudged as suicides during the year long census period. 75% of suicides were male and 54% were aged under 35.28% were in contact with psychiatric services prior to death, although 60% had some diagnosis of mental disorder. GPs had little knowledge of a patient's life circumstances in up to half of cases. Recording of risk assessment occurred in 38% of subjects, was positively associated with prior psychiatric contact (p = 0.001) but negatively associated with presence of physical illness (p = 0.004), older patient age (p = 0.04), and GPs length in practice (p = 0.05). One GP felt their suicide case was preventable. The low rate of risk assessment and limited knowledge of patient lifestyle point to the need for active engagement of GPs in future suicide prevention strategies and should influence the content of training programs in primary care.     

为什么中国的居民收入分配比俄罗斯更不平等?(上)

本文是德国劳动研究所研究人员B.古斯塔夫森、李实以及俄罗斯罗斯托夫国家经济大学的卢德米拉.尼沃若兹基那于2010年12月合作撰写的题为《为什么中国的居民收入分配比俄罗斯更不平等?》的研究论文。文章使用统一的微观数据研究了中俄两     

俄罗斯联邦公民在中国境内居留的法律依据

探讨俄罗斯联邦公民在中华人民共和国境内的法律地位问题之一个方面，即在中国境内居留的法律依据对于建立和发展中俄两国的睦邻友好合作伙伴关系越来越具有现实意义。根据中华人民共和国法律的规定，我们可以把俄罗斯联邦公民在中国境内居留的法律依据划分为取得入境签证、取得外国人居留证和国际直接过境三种。     

恐怖主义犯罪学研究:前沿观点与未来发展简

本文第一部分主要是对关于恐怖主义犯罪学研究的文章进行文献综述，介绍这类文章的主要内容与学术观点，并希望能够引起更多学者对恐怖主义犯罪学研究的关注。同时，本文着重介绍面向公众的恐怖主义数据库以及数据库的特点与数据内容，并结合全球恐怖主义数据库信息对未来恐怖主义犯罪学研究方向进行分析。