一九五八年巴基斯坦的经济发展情况

最重要的一个事件,而且对1958年巴基斯坦经济发展的道路影响最深的是十月的和平革命;一个受到军人支持的政权登台,並且以谋求国家的安定和发展为己任。正当长期的经济和财政困难之际,从一个执行宪法的政府过渡到一个执行军法的政府,接着而来的就是采取旨在维护国家财政秩序和刺激经济发展的各种措施。     

关于殖民地时期印度尼西亚的阶级和政党形成的特点问题

我们眼看着数百年来逐渐形成的帝国主义殖民制度正在分崩離析。殖民制度的瓦解过程,同时也就是亚非两洲的独立自主国家的复兴和产生的过程。民主势力的增长,第二次世界大战后以苏联和中华人民共和国为首的欧洲和亚洲的强大的社会主义国家阵营的形成,为正在争取真正的自由和独立而斗争的各国人民创造了有利的条件。但是,由于     

第二次世界大战前夕的菲律宾经济状况

在美國對菲律賓進行殖民統治的時候以及菲律賓群島宣布獨立之后,反帝的民族解放運动一直都沒有停止過,而且规模相当巨大。本文試图分析第二次世界大战前夕的菲律賓經濟状况的主要方面,从而指出這段时期和以后一段时期在菲律賓出現過的民族解放斗爭高潮的某些經濟前提①。     

The identification of 2-chloro-4,5-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine in an illicit drug seizure

This work outlines the unequivocal identification of the "ecstasy" analog, 2-chloro-4,5-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine, using combined gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). This compound was identified along with 3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA) in an illicit tablet seizure, which included 26 off-white tablets.     

Anatomical location of bitemarks and associated findings in 101 cases from the United States

The purpose of this paper is to update and confirm previous studies that examined the anatomical location of human bitemarks. This information is useful to forensic odontologists and pathologists, physicians, and coroners who must be familiar with the most likely locations of bitemarks. The data are also useful for those involved in bitemark research. Using the legal database "Lexis," 101 bitemark cases were identified from the United States Courts of Appeal. Cases were included in the study if they provided details concerning the bitemark, such as anatomical location, number of injuries, and information concerning the victim. Information on 148 bites was collated. These data are presented in tabular and graphical form to allow comparisons between males and females, victims and perpetrators, adults and children, and the crime types associated with human bites.     

Temperature-correction of abdominal impedance: improved relationship between impedance and postmortem interval

The relationship between extracellular abdominal impedance and postmortem interval (PMI) reflects the combined effects, on impedance, of postmortem cooling of the tissues and of autolysis per se. This study was performed in order to eliminate temperature change as a major factor contributing to the time course of postmortem change in abdominal impedance. Dissociation of thermal and autolytic influences was achieved by recording deep abdominal temperature at the time of impedance measurement, followed by correction of all measured impedances to their theoretically predicted values at an arbitrarily chosen temperature of 40 degrees C. Uncorrected abdominal impedance increased from 82+/-12 Ohmz, 1 h after death, to 108+/-21 Ohmz after 12 h. Impedance then decreased to 96+/-23, 89+/-22, 75+/-19, 66+/-21 and 59+/-19 Ohmz at postmortem intervals of 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h, respectively. In contrast, corrected abdominal impedance decreased progressively from 63+/-7 Ohmz, 1 h after death, to 61+/-9, 56+/-11, 51+/-10, 46+/-10, 39+/-11 and 35+/-10 Ohmz at postmortem intervals of 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h, respectively. The improved relationship between (corrected) abdominal impedance and PMI is of potential value in estimating time since death.     

Efficiency of forensic mtDNA analysis. Case examples demonstrating the identification of traces

The paper presents results of forensic mitochondrial DNA analyses which were aimed at typing the traces caused by touching or abrasion of skin cells. Five cases of strangulation tool investigation are summarised. Two cases of homicide could be cleared up by identifying the mtDNA of both the victim and the suspect on cables which had obviously been used as strangulation tools. In eight of 10 cases, weapons could be reliably assigned to their users. The mtDNA of the users could be even detected on cartridges after firing. In one case, evidence of a suicide could be provided by means of mtDNA sequencing of the wiping traces on a suicide note.