猪水泡病:用英国/72病毒进行实验性感染的病毒学研究

猪只经蹄部皮内接种或皮肤划痕受相当少量病毒的攻击后则产生临床病症。感染的第一周内曾从取自鼻、口、咽、直肠和包皮或者阴道的样品中检出大量的病毒,于第二周检出少量的病毒。感染后16天从大多数猪的粪便中以及感染后23天从一头猪的粪便中检出了病毒。与接种猪接触的猪只在临床病症出现之前相继将其剖杀。病毒在不同组织中的分布和含量表明很可能是通过皮肤或消化道的上皮和粘膜这些途径得到感染的。一些猪检验不出病毒排出并且五周后对易感猪也不发生传染,则呈亚临床感染。     

The phenomenon of suicide bombing: a review of psychological and nonpsychological factors

This article reviews the literature on the phenomenon of suicide bombing. It addresses the question of just how much a psychological understanding of the individuals involved can aid in prevention. The article looks at historical, epidemiological, and cultural perspectives and compares the nonpsychological and psychological approaches to suicide bombing. On the basis of the material available it seems that social processes such as group-dynamic indoctrination and political factors are decisive in analyzing this problem. Cultural, nationalistic, and religious factors are important. The conclusion is that in suicidal bombing, suicide is instrumental in the context of war, not in the context of psychopathology. Suicide bombing is instrumental in realizing fatalities, and it is only one of many weapons. The act of killing in warfare is more important to understanding suicidal terrorism than the act of suicide. This explains why psychological profiling of suicidal terrorists has to date not been successful.     

Self-disclosure, depression, anxiety, and suicidal behavior in adolescent psychiatric inpatients

The objectives of this paper were to examine the personality variable of self-disclosure, or the tendency to share feelings with others, and its relationship to depression, anxiety, and suicidal behavior in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Of the 87 adolescents who were assessed, 53 had made a suicide attempt and 34 had never shown any suicidal behavior during their lifetime. There was a significant relationship between suicidality and low levels of self-disclosure, which appears to be mediated by anxiety and depression. This sharing difficulty was most significantly marked between the adolescent and his/her family and seemed to be mediated by feelings of depression and anxiety.     

Suicide to harass others: clues from mythology to understanding suicide bombing attacks

Suicide by revenge, the Samsonic suicide, and the suicide by devotio, all described in classical mythology and also reported in the ethnographic literature, belong to the same class of suicidal behaviors as kamikaze suicide and the suicide bombing attack: suicide to harass and burden others or suicide with a hostile intent. The lack of a social dimension to share in a positive manner may lead an individual to integrate him/herself in another social structure, e.g., a military organization, which allows the individual to express his/her desires and personal identity only by destroying others and themselves. The dynamics of these forms of suicide are also likely to work in other displays of life-threatening behavior, such as family annihilation, mass murder, and spree killing. A more thorough investigation of the dynamics operating in suicide bombing attacks could, therefore, contribute to preventative strategies against violence at large.