History of childhood abuse and neglect and suicidal behavior at hospital admission

Suicide is a major public health problem. Preventive measures have been sought by identifying risk factors. This study evaluates the association of childhood abuse and neglect with suicidal behavior at the time of psychiatric hospital admission. A total of 120 subjects (72 females; mean age 42.5 +/- 15.6 years old) admitted from August 2006 to July 2007 completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) to assess severity of exposure to childhood maltreatment. Thereof 62 (51.6%) patients presented with suicidal behavior at admission. Patients who had attempted suicide had significantly higher CTQ scores. Regression analysis indicated that shorter illness duration and severity of childhood maltreatment were predictors of suicidal behavior at admission. The study showed that inpatients of a psychiatric unit of a general hospital who experienced severe childhood abuse or neglect were significantly more likely to present with suicidal behavior. History of childhood maltreatment should be evaluated as an associated risk factor of suicidal behavior at admission of psychiatric inpatients.     

日本刑法学说史论纲

日本刑法学说史的发展背景是欧洲刑法学说史。欧洲近代刑法学产生于启蒙主义思想,后者带来了罪刑法定主义、责任原则、报应刑论等刑法思想,并促生了古典学派(旧派)。后因解决社会问题的需要和自然科学的发展等,出现了近代学派(新派),并与旧派及折衷派展开了激烈争论。日本刑法学说最初引进了法国的折衷派观点,后因国家体制的原因又大量引入德国法律理论,并在一定程度上被其新派所影响,促进了刑事政策的发展。"二战"后的日本刑法学说基本上倾向于旧派的立场,至今仍争点不断。