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61.
This study examined the perceived social, behavioral, and health effects of phencyclidine (PCP) use among a sample of 200 users in northern California. The study population, generated through snowball sampling techniques, included heavy chronic, light chronic, and recreational users; the vast majority of subjects were not in treatment facilities. Subjects reported that PCP use—particularly long-term, extensive use—resulted in frequent disruption of education and employment, impairment of relationships with parents and with lovers or spouses, involvement with the criminal justice system, and deterioration of physical and mental health. These findings provide systematic documentation of the extent to which problems previously associated with PCP use occurred among this population of users. In addition, the results illustrate the importance of examining the effects of PCP use in light of the psychosocial developmental processes of adolescence and early adulthood.This research was supported by Research Grant No. DA02293 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse.Received M.S. in psychology from California State University, Hayward.Received Ph.D. from University of Iowa. 相似文献
62.
Felice Carabellese M.D. Alan R. Felthous M.D. Donatella La Tegola Psy.D. Ph.D. Ilaria Rossetto M.D. Domenico Montalbò M.D. Filippo Franconi M.D. Roberto Catanesi M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(5):1438-1443
Various studies have shown that women with psychopathy tend to commit crimes that are less violent than those of psychopathic men. The present study was designed to address the influence of psychopathy on the crimes committed by female offenders. A national sample of female offenders found NGRI or of diminished responsibility and at risk for criminal recidivism (OPG patients) was compared with a sample of female offenders who were convicted and imprisoned. Results of this comparison between the two groups of female offenders indicate that psychopathy is a transversal psychopathological dimension which may or may not be associated with other mental disorders. In both samples, the most commonly reported offenses among women with high PCL‐R scores were minor offenses, not particularly violent, but they appear to be related to typical psychopathic features such as superficial charm, pathological lying, and manipulation. 相似文献
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Amin Ghaziani Gary Alan Fine 《International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society》2008,20(1-4):51-67
Although the study of local cultures has become established in American sociology, it often ignores the contested nature of how culture emerges and is negotiated within the context of small groups. To this end, we address the concept of infighting, a subtype of conflict, as it operates within a small group framework. Building on an ethnographic study of the Chicago Dyke March, we demonstrate that infighting highlights competing ideologies that may remain implicit in the absence of such conflict. Infighting treats divergent meaning systems as part of local contention between rival cliques and power centers. These ideological battles both reflect pre-existing differences between subgroups and serve to make explicit and public such differences, both in their background characteristics and in their interests. In the process infighting directs attention away from shared concerns and group building to questions of strategy, transforming the small group into an arena of ideological production and factional rivalry. Infighting recasts a group from a space of consensus to a contested political arena. We elaborate four analytic processes through which infighting connects to ideology and small group culture: infighting emphasizes the multivocality of meaning, cultural heterogeneity, an equilibrium of inclusion and group boundaries, and planning in light of ideologies of power. 相似文献
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This study examined the pharmacological and psychological effects of alcohol on women’s recognition of and response to dating
sexual aggression. Female participants completed measures of prior sexual victimization experiences, sex related alcohol expectancies,
general alcohol expectancies, and drinking habits. Using a 2 (alcohol) × 2 (expectancy) balanced placebo research design,
women were exposed to an audiotape date rape vignette and asked to press a button when the man’s sexual advances had gone
to far. Upon pressing the button, the tape was stopped and participants were instructed to imagine themselves in the same
situation and generate a response describing what they would say and/or do at that point. Results indicated that although
alcohol and expectancy were not related to risk perception, individuals who consumed alcohol displayed significantly less
resistant role play refusals. A significant interaction between expectancy set and pre-existing sex-related alcohol expectancies
was observed indicating participants believing alcohol affects sexual behavior generated less resistant refusal responses
when they expected to receive alcohol. Moreover, for those who expected to receive alcohol, stronger pre-existing sex-related
alcohol expectancies predicted less resistant refusal responses over above the effects of blood alcohol level and general
alcohol expectancies. The implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
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Rogers Richard Salekin Randall T. Sewell Kenneth W. Goldstein Alan Leonard Kathleen 《Law and human behavior》1998,22(4):353-367
Explanatory models of malingering strive to understand the primary motivation underlying attempts to feign. Rogers, Sewell, and Goldstein (1994) provided empirical support for the conceptualization of pathogenic, criminological, and adaptational models. In the current study, a prototypical analysis of 221 forensic experts results in a slightly refined formulation: the adaptational model was decomposed into its two broad dimensions (cost–benefit analysis and adversarial setting). An important finding is that the factor structure for the explanatory models remained stable when applied to both forensic and nonforensic cases. As a first investigation, significant differences were observed in prototypical cases of malingering by the category of referral (forensic or nonforensic) and by type of feigning (mental disorders, cognitive impairment, and medical syndromes). Surprisingly, the feigning of medical syndromes appeared to play a relatively prominent role in both forensic and nonforensic cases and to be influenced by the apparent adversarial context of the assessment. Finally, important gender differences were observed, especially with nonforensic prototypical cases of malingering. 相似文献
70.
Alan Greer 《Public administration》2002,80(3):453-474
This paper takes a comparative case–study approach, located within the literature on policy networks, to organic agriculture policy in the United Kingdom and Ireland since the late 1980s. An examination of policy development for the organic sector focuses primarily on regulatory arrangements. The core of the analysis applies some prominent themes in the policy network literature to the organic sector: the debate about sectoral and sub–sectoral networks, the relationship between networks, context and outcomes, and the role of the state and ideas in promoting policy change. 相似文献