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51.
Alejandro Portes Bryan R. Roberts 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2005,40(1):43-82
We examine the evolution of Latin American cities in the last two decades of the twentieth century and in the first years
of the twenty-first on the basis of comparable data from six countries comprising over 80 percent of the region’s population.
These years correspond to the shift in hegemonic models of development in the region, from import-substitution industrialization
to neoliberal “open markets” adjustment. We examine how the application of the new policies correlates with change patterns
in four areas: urban systems and urban primacy; urban unemployment and informal employment; poverty and inequality; and crime,
victimization, and urban insecurity. We present detailed analyses of each of these topics based on the latest available data
for the six countries. We conclude that significant changes in patterns of urbanization have taken place in the region, reflecting,
in part, the expected and unexpected consequences of the application of the new model of development. Implications of our
findings for each of the four areas examined and for the future of the region are discussed.
Alejandro Portes is department chair and Howard Harrison and Gabrielle Snyder Beck Professor of sociology, and director of
the Center for Migration and Development at Princeton University. His current research focuses on the adaptation process of
second-generation immigrants and the rise of transnational immigrant communities in the United States.
Bryan R. Roberts is professor of sociology and C.B. Smith Chair in US-Mexico Relations at the University of Texas, Austin.
His most recent work explores issues of develorment, globalization, immigration, and social policy in Latin America.
Data on which this paper is based were collected by theLatin American Urbanization at the End of the Twentieth Century project, sponsored by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. We thank our collaborators and directors of country teams, without
whom this study would not have been possible: Marcele Cerruti and Alejandro Grimson in Argentina; Licia Valladares, Bianca
Freire-Medeiros, and Filippina Chinelli in Brazil; Guillermo, Wormald, Francisco Sabatini, Yasna Contreras and their collaborators
in Chile; Marina Ariza and Juan Manuel Ramirez in Mexico; Jaime Joseph and the Centro Alternativa research team in Peru; and
Ruben Kaztman, Fernando Filgueira, Alejandro Retamoso and their collaborators in Uruguay. We would also like to thank Carolina
Flores and Lissette Aliaga for their assistance in assembling and analyzing survey data-bases from the six countries. We also
thank anonymous referees of this journal for their comments. Responsibility for the contents is exclusively ours. 相似文献
52.
Cristian Capelli Francesca Brisighelli Francesca Scarnicci Alejandro Blanco-Verea Maria Brion Vince L. Pascali 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2007,1(3-4):287-290
Duplication events at Y chromosome STR loci have been repeatedly described in human populations. DYS19 is probably the best known example and it exhibits duplicate state in individuals from all continents. Despite the large amount of available data, evolutionary relationship between DYS19 duplication-bearing chromosomes has not been so far investigated. We address the genealogical correlation among such chromosomes by analysing newly identified DYS19 duplicated Y chromosomes by SNP genotyping and microsatellite-based network analysis. SNP and network analysis show that DYS19 duplicated Y chromosomes associate with different Y chromosome lineages. These results indicate that DYS19 duplication occurred more than once during human evolution. 相似文献
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W. Alejandro Sánchez 《冲突和恐怖主义研究》2013,36(7):655-664
The island of Corsica has experienced for the past thirty years a wave of low-scale terrorism. Self-declared Corsican nationalists fight for their homeland to become independent from mainland France, without much success, and with diminishing support from the island's population. Even though the level of violence has never reached the levels of destruction and casualties as in other European homegrown-terrorist groups, it is important for the Nikolas Sarkozy administration to deal with Corsican pseudo-separatism once and for all. This movement (whether criminal in nature or truly nationalistic) has proven to be long-lasting, resourceful, and deadly, thus it should not be underestimated. 相似文献
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Juan J. Sanchez Maria Brin Walther Parson Alejandro J. Blanco-Verea Claus Brsting Maviki Lareu Harald Niedersttter Herbert Oberacher Niels Morling Angel Carracedo 《Forensic Science International Supplement Series》2004,140(2-3):241-250
In the present study, we demonstrate that two commonly used Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), P25 and 92R7, are paralogous sequence variants (PSVs) originating from segmental duplications and that at least one of the sequence variants in each group of loci is polymorphic. Several methodologies were used in order to detect the SNP alleles and the PSVs of the loci. All results obtained with the various typing techniques supported the conclusion. The allele distributions of the binary markers were analysed in more than 600 males with seven different haplogroups. For P25, the ancestral allele C was found in several samples from different haplogroups. The derived allele A was always present with an additional C variant. Haplogroup P was defined by the derived allele A at the 92R7 locus. However, the ancestral allele G was always associated with an A variant due to the duplication. 相似文献