Since Roe v. Wade, most states have passed laws either restricting or further protecting reproductive rights. During a wave of anti-abortion
violence in the early 1990s, several states also enacted legislation protecting abortion clinics, staff, and patients. One
hypothesis drawn from the theoretical literature predicts that these laws provide a deterrent effect and thus fewer anti-abortion
crimes in states that protect clinics and reproductive rights. An alternative hypothesis drawn from the literature expects
a backlash effect from radical members of the movement and thus more crimes in states with protective legislation. We tested
these competing hypotheses by taking advantage of unique data sets that gauge the strength of laws protecting clinics and
reproductive rights and that provide self-report victimization data from clinics. Employing logistic regression and controlling
for several potential covariates, we found null effects and thus no support for either hypothesis. The null findings were
consistent across a number of different types of victimization. Our discussion contextualizes these results in terms of previous
research on crimes against abortion providers, discusses alternative explanations for the null findings, and considers the
implications for future policy development and research. 相似文献
Literature suggests that early patterns of aggressive behavior in both girls and boys are predictive of later violent behavior,
including violence that takes place within family contexts. Utilizing the Concordia Longitudinal Risk Project, a study of
individuals recruited as children in the 1970s from inner-city schools in Montreal, this study examined different pathways
whereby aggressive behavioral styles in childhood may place individuals at risk for continuing patterns of violence towards
children and spouses. Childhood aggression directly predicted self-reported violence towards spouse for both sexes, with indirect
routes through lowered educational attainment and marital separation. Aggression in childhood was also found to predict parents’
self-reports of using violence with their children. For mothers, educational attainment and current absence of the biological
father from the child’s home also played important roles in predicting violent behavior towards offspring. These findings
provide evidence of both continuity of aggressive behavior and indirect risk paths to family violence, via lower educational
attainment and parental absence. In both men and women, childhood aggression may be an identifiable precursor of family violence
and child abuse. 相似文献
Abstract: We report the first acute coronary fibrin thrombus arising upon atherosclerosis detected at autopsy in a man receiving chemotherapy for testicular carcinoma. The decedent was a smoker with no other known atherosclerotic risk factors. Histology revealed superficial atherosclerotic plaque erosion with endothelial necrosis and no intraplaque hemorrhage. A focus of intimal lymphoid infiltrates was noted away from the plaque. These findings raise the possibility of chemotherapy‐induced vascular damage as a factor in thrombogenesis. A review of Pubmed was performed which documented clinical reports of an association of chemotherapy with acute cardiac ischemia but no well described autopsy findings. Our case highlights the need for careful assessment of the coronary system in chemotherapy patients dying suddenly, particularly in the absence of significant atherosclerotic risk factors. Such postmortem examination will ensure thorough death investigation and may elucidate the pathogenesis of thrombosis with potential reduction in cardiac ischemic risks of chemotherapy patients. 相似文献
Despite a longstanding research tradition examining the intersection of policing and race, extant research focused almost exclusively on race and ethnicity in Black and White terms. As such, academic knowledge of the Hispanic experience remained opaque. In this study, data from a random sample of New York City residents were used to compare the perceptions of racial profiling among Hispanic and non-Hispanic citizens. In particular, factors relating to the perception that racial profiling was widespread, justified, and personally experienced were examined. Findings were grounded within the literature on police-citizen relations and racial profiling. 相似文献
There is a considerable amount of literature on embeddedness as part of sociological theory of economic action. Cultural and structural embeddedness often work together to shape the framework of economic relations, but, in an analysis of rural solicitors, we find unevenness between cultural and structural embeddedness. There are strong traits of the former, through a sense of place and belonging, but much less evidence of the latter with the structural relationships appearing relatively weak and underdeveloped. In a discussion supported by empirical data from a recent survey of rural legal practices in Wales, a number of causes are identified. The paper concludes that trends towards increasingly specialized rather than generalized legal service provision, set alongside the increasingly differentiated nature of rural space, suggest that the longer-term sustainability of rural legal practices may require both greater investment at the level of structural embeddedness alongside continuing reinvestment at the cultural level. 相似文献
The Lisbon Treaty, which entered into force in 2009, considerably reinforced the powers of the European Parliament. This article examines to what extent the European Parliament has become an important actor in EU counter-terrorism by focusing on the external dimension of this policy. It also analyses the impact that this potentially changing role has had on the external dimension of EU counter-terrorism. This article puts forward two inter-related claims. Firstly, the role of the European Parliament in the external dimension of EU counter-terrorism has significantly grown in recent years. Following the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in December 2009, the European Parliament has become a fully-fledged actor in the external dimension of EU counter-terrorism. Secondly, the reinforcement of the role of the European Parliament has also led to a strengthening of both accountability and oversight in the external dimension of EU counter-terrorism, although there are still some limitations in that respect. 相似文献
In 2003, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) prepared a study of the location patterns of the Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program. This study became an important baseline for the evaluation of the HCV program and its ability to serve the goal of poverty deconcentration. The study examined the ability of HCV households in the 50 largest metropolitan areas to make entry to a broad array of neighborhoods and to locate in high-opportunity neighborhoods with low levels of poverty.
New data from HUD and the American Community Survey permit the study to be replicated. We find that vouchers continue to consume only a small portion of the housing stock, with relatively small amounts of spatial concentration. Unfortunately, only about one in five voucher households locate in low-poverty neighborhoods, and this share is rising only very slowly. If the nation wants to pursue poverty deconcentration through the HCV program, we cannot rely on the program, as it is now structured, to accomplish this goal. Additional incentives and constraints will be needed, similar to those that were part of the Gautreaux and Moving to Opportunity programs. 相似文献