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151.
152.
Alexander V. Kozin 《Law and Critique》2011,22(1):39-57
This article concerns itself with the phenomenon of the cultural defence as it exhibits itself in the US juridical context. Recent socio-legal discussions about this phenomenon reveal three prevalent positions: the illegality of cultural defence on constitutional grounds, the necessity of cultural defence as a matter of discretionary justice, and the intermediary position of working cultural defence into a legal doctrine. By problematizing the operative concept of culture, the author suggests that the idea of cultural defence should be understood in terms of foreignness. This suggestion is supported on the basis of the phenomenological theory of the alien (xenology). In order to illustrate the juridical limits of the cultural defence I examine the history of constructing the Native American as a cultural legal subject. Hence the question that primes this examination: is there a possibility of the traditional cultural defence for the American Indians? After a provisional answer that there is no such possibility, I conclude with the discussion of hospitality as a way to an ethically necessary and legally acceptable idea of culture. 相似文献
153.
Female recidivists speak about their experience in drug court while engaging in appreciative inquiry
Fischer M Geiger B Hughes ME 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2007,51(6):703-722
Eleven female drug-court participants looked at current and past experiences to assess their program and envision future program innovations. From these women's perspective, the strongest component of drug court was being surrounded by staff dedicated to their progress and recovery. Graduated supervision and accurate drug testing were appreciated rather than resented when the participants were not humiliated and were treated with respect. Wraparound services, resources, and referral; treatment facilities that accepted children; and individualized treatment plans and therapy with offenders who are ex-addicts, and preferably females, allowed for greater involvement and active participation in recovery. Progressing through three phases, acquiring skills, a job, and visitation rights to see their children or regaining custody, increased these women's sense of self-efficacy perception and confidence in their ability to lead a drug-free, meaningful life. Findings show the importance of qualitative criteria in evaluating drug-court participants' progress and the process of recovery. 相似文献
154.
Christopher T. Lowenkamp Alexander M. Holsinger Edward J. Latessa 《Journal of criminal justice》2010,38(4):368
Although traditional intensive supervision programs that have aimed at increasing control and surveillance in the community have not been shown to reduce recidivism, prior research indicates that intensive supervision programs that are based on a human service philosophy and provide treatment to offenders offer more promise. The current research examined the effectiveness of fifty-eight intensive supervision programs and sought to determine whether program philosophy and treatment integrity are associated with reductions in recidivism. The results indicated that both program philosophy and treatment integrity vary independently of one another and are related to the ability of programs to produce meaningful effects on recidivism. 相似文献
155.
Two laboratory studies with 332 student participants investigated secondary confessions (provided by an informant instead
of the suspect). Participants allegedly caused or witnessed a simulated computer crash, then were asked to give primary or
secondary confessions during interrogation. Study 1 replicated the false evidence effect for primary confessions. Secondary
confessions were obtained at a high rate, which was increased by false evidence in combination with incentive to confess.
In Study 2 a confederate either confessed to or denied crashing the computer. Incentive increased the rate of secondary confession
only in the presence of a denial; that is, incentive increased the number of false secondary confessions only. Implications
for the use of incentives during informant interrogation are discussed. 相似文献
156.
Mit Art 11 Abs 4 EUV idF des Vertrages von Lissabon wurde das Institut einer "Europäischen Bürgerinitiative" (EBI) vorgesehen. In dessen Ausführung hat die EU-Kommission Anfang Juni dieses Jahres den Entwurf einer Verordnung vorgelegt, der gegenwärtig im Europäischen Parlament beraten wird. Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich kritisch mit rechtlichen und operationalen Aspekten dieses Verordnungsentwurfes. 相似文献
157.
Alexander C. McFarlane 《Psychological injury and law》2010,3(2):100-110
Delayed onset posttraumatic stress disorder has been a challenging issue in medico-legal settings. Prospective studies have done much to characterise the validity of this construct and the prevalence in various populations. The delayed impact of these events places significant challenges on a plaintiff in establishing a causal link to some distal exposure. Furthermore, the literature highlights that depression is a frequent independent outcome from posttraumatic events, independent of the frequent comorbidity for posttraumatic stress disorder. To date, there has been little examination of the commonality of the underlying mechanisms of aetiology between depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. The concepts of sensitisation and kindling have been extensively discussed as underlying mechanisms relevant to a range of psychiatric disorders. This idea of increasing sensitisation of individuals who have multiple traumatic stress exposures is of critical importance to understanding the shared aetiology of major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Furthermore, the neural circuitry involved in these conditions particularly involves the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate. Given the shared aetiological mechanisms, it is probable that the delays in treatment which have been demonstrated to be important factors for decreasing the probability of a full treatment response in depression are equally relevant to posttraumatic stress disorder. This raises important issues about the liability of employers particularly in the emergency services for vetting individuals where there is a foreseeable risk. A further challenge in litigation settings is the increasing body of evidence linking posttraumatic stress disorder and depression to cardiovascular disease and hypertension. 相似文献
158.
159.
Former prisoners have a higher than expected risk of death following release from incarceration. However, little is known about the specific risk factors for post-release mortality among former prisoners. The current study uses a unique set of measures obtained from administrative records from Pennsylvania to examine demographic, custodial, behavioral, and criminal history factors that impact mortality risk following release from incarceration. Moreover, this study is the first to assess whether risk factors for post-release mortality are consistent or variable across race and ethnicity. Using data from the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections and mortality records from the Pennsylvania Department of Health we find several demographic, custodial, behavioral, and criminal history measures are related to post-release mortality risk. Moreover, while most risk factors for mortality are generally consistent across race and ethnicity, we find evidence that some custodial and criminal history factors vary by race and ethnicity. 相似文献
160.
Shiri Pearlman-Avnion Alexander Zibenberg 《Journal of prevention & intervention in the community》2018,46(3):263-278
AbstractIn the current study, we examined whether the impact of the Big Five on procrastination in an organizational context is similar to that in academic settings, and examined the role of dis-regulation of anxiety as a potential moderator of these relationships. One hundred and seven Israeli employees participated in the study. The results showed that agreeableness and conscientiousness were negatively associated with procrastination, while neuroticism was positively associated with procrastination in the workplace. Moreover, the findings supported the hypothesis that dis-regulation of anxiety moderates the relationships between personality traits and workplace procrastination. These findings suggest that the link between personality traits and workplace procrastination is not stable, is affected by different contexts, and interacts with other personality characteristics (specifically, dis-regulation of anxiety). 相似文献