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611.
Does Legislating Hospital Ethics Committees Make a Difference? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Diane E. Hoffmann 《The Journal of law, medicine & ethics》1991,19(1-2):105-119
612.
613.
Robert A. Johnson John P. Hoffmann S. Susan Su Dean R. Gerstein 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》1997,13(4):429-467
Multilevel growth curve models provide a means of analyzing individual differences in the growth of deviance, allow a number of theories to be integrated in a single model, and can help to unify research on deviant/delinquent/criminal careers at different stages of the life cycle. Building on the distinction between population heterogeneity and state dependence as alternative explanations of persistent individual differences in deviance (Heckman, 1981; Nagin and Paternoster, 1991), we show that models with two levels can be used to represent and analyze a variety of criminological theories. The first level (level 1) uses repeated measurements on individuals to estimate individual-level growth curves. The second level treats the level 1 growth curve parameters (e.g., slope, intercept) as outcome variables and uses time-invariant factors to explain variation in these parameters across individuals. We illustrate this approach by estimating a model of growth in deviance drawn from Gottfredson and Hirschi's deviant propensity theory. An innovative feature is the assumption that adolescents' expected growth curves of deviance follow a classical Pearl-Verhulst logistic growth model (Pearl, 1930). The results suggest that five risk factors—parental psychiatric problems, lack of parental support, living arrangements with zero or one parent in residence, low family income, and male gender—have strongly positive effects on deviant propensity. For example, adolescents with no supportive parents, and no other risk factors, have expected asymptotic levels of deviance (peak levels attained at about age 18) that are about twice as high as those of adolescents with no risk factors. Yet more than two-thirds of the individual-level variability in growth curves is unexplained by the five risk factors. This unobserved heterogeneity would remain hidden in analyses using conventional structural equations models and the same explanatory variables. 相似文献
614.
615.
Andrea Tosato 《European Law Journal》2013,19(4):545-576
Since the dawn of the common market, the European Union has enacted abundant legislation regulating the employment of specific food names. This process has led to the introduction of a regulatory framework for wines and spirits, and four quality schemes for food products: protected denominations of origin (PDO), protected geographical indications (PGI), traditional specialities guaranteed (TSG), and optional quality terms (OQT). This paper focuses on the TSG. It will first determine the collocation of this quality scheme in the EU legal framework; second, it will conduct a legal exegesis of the norms regulating the TSG under the previous Regulation 509/06 and analyse the ways in which they have been interpreted and applied; third, it will suggest reasons for the limited success of this scheme in the past; and fourth, it will explore the recently enacted Regulation 1151/12, seeking to establish whether it addresses the pre‐existing flaws that fettered the TSG. 相似文献
616.
Rt Hon Lord Hoffmann 《The Modern law review》1999,62(2):159-166
617.
Zusammenfassung Europ?isches und deutsches Recht setzen neuerdings stark auf eine ausgebaute Biomassenutzung
zur Strom-, W?rme- und Treibstoffgewinnung. Die Biomassenutzung weist eine Reihe ?kologisch-
sozialer Vor-, aber auch Nachteile auf. Das bisherige, aber auch das zur Verabschiedung anstehende neue
europ?ische und deutsche Bioenergierecht l?st diese nicht immer hinreichend auf. Nachhaltigkeitskriterienkataloge
k?nnen diese Rolle auch strukturell nur begrenzt übernehmen, unter anderem weil sie die n?tige
Komplexit?t nicht abbilden, Verlagerungseffekte nicht vermeiden und bestimmte zentrale Aspekte (etwa
das Weltern?hrungsproblem) erst gar nicht abbilden k?nnen; und wenn, dann müssten die Kataloge
über die aktuellen EU-Vorschl?ge hinausgehen. Wirkungsvoller für die Bioenergienutzung selbst
wie auch in der Energiepolitik insgesamt w?re aber eine einschneidende Energieeffizienzpolitik –
die den Gesamtverbrauch senken und damit die ?kologisch-sozialen Ambivalenzen überschaubarer machen
würden, wenn langfristig die erneuerbaren Energien 100% der Versorgung in einer “kohlenstofffreien
Wirtschaft” übernehmen. In Verbindung mit der Analyse der Ambivalenzen bietet der vorliegende
Beitrag zugleich einen kurzen überblick über das Bioenergierecht. 相似文献
618.
Diane E. Hoffmann 《The Journal of law, medicine & ethics》2009,37(3):513-518
619.
Barbara Haak Andrea Porsche Kai Vollack Peter Zimmermann Werner Pflug 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2008,1(1):35-36
In order to cope with the demanding workload for DNA profiling of forensic casework samples a concept for a semi-automated processing system was developed at the Landeskriminalamt (Office of Criminal Investigation) Baden-Württemberg, Germany [K. Vollack, et al., Implementation of a semi-automated processing system for DNA profiling of forensic casework samples, this issue]. The applied magnetic bead extraction method is based on ChargeSwitch® Technology (CST) from Invitrogen and was established on a liquid handling workstation Freedom EVO® 150 from Tecan. 相似文献
620.
Susana Camacho Cláudia Vieira-Silva Teresa Ribeiro Helena Geada 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2008,1(1):100-101
A five Mini-SGM multiplex which encompasses TH01, FGA, D18S51, D16S539 and D2S1338, common STR markers in human identity testing, have been performed. Two cases with different biological tissues were selected to illustrate the usefulness of this technique in forensic casework. The use of routine methodology can sometimes give only a partial genetic profile or no profile at all. However, using the Mini-STR technique, a full profile was obtained for the majority of the degraded samples. We conclude that the Mini-SGM methodology is more sensible than routine methodology for degraded samples, although a full genetic profile is not obtained in all cases as results are still very much sample-dependent. This Mini-SGM multiplex can be considered a useful tool to complement conventional STR analysis in degraded samples. 相似文献