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861.
862.
Research on patronage in postsocialist Russia focuses on structural and exchange aspects, but neglects deeper cultural forces
that contribute to its reproduction. This study adopts a “bottom-up” approach to understanding the culture of patronage by
analyzing the claims of ordinary citizens in “letters to the editor” from a postsocialist Russian locality. The common conventions
authors use to legitimize claims share many characteristic features with patronage. Rather than judge authorities based on
policy or ability to represent citizen interests, authors evaluate the moral and ethical worth of individuals, making their
claims highly personalized. Evidence from these analyses suggests clients help sustain patronage by publicly expressing claims
in a language infused with particularlism.
Andrew D. Buck is a lecturer in sociology at the University of Reading, England. His interests include social network analysis
and postsocialist transitions. He has written on aspects of the privatization process, as well as on the relationship between
elite networks and democracy in postsocialist Russia.
Research for this article was supported in part by a grant from the international Research and Exchanges Board (IREX). Grateful
thanks to Vladimir Levitchev for research assistance. Special thanks to Antonina Bambina for her insightful suggestions and
criticisms throughtout different stages of the research. I would also like to acknowledge the helpful comments I received
from Roberto Franzosi, Jeff Hass, Jorge Rodriguez, and David Stark on a previous draft. 相似文献
863.
Andrew von Hirsch 《Criminal justice ethics》2013,32(1):39-49
H. Richard Uviller, Virtual Justice: The Flawed Prosecution of Crime in America, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996, xvii + 318 pp. 相似文献
864.
Robert Andrew Peters 《国际公共行政管理杂志》2013,36(11):1907-1927
This article clearly demonstrates that qualitative techniques are indispensable for gaining a more comprehensive understanding of public assistance policy's evolution. Rather than reinforcing the generally accepted view that Southern Members of Congress were steadfastly opposed to an expansion of central government power and influence, an analysis of the Congressional Record reveals that representatives from the South often were ardent advocates of an expanded federal role. Qualitative analysis also challenges the prevailing view that the national government is the primary instigator of policies which enhance federal power. During the period under study, all increases in federal match rates for public assistance, except one, emanated from Members of Congress who were attempting to increase the flow of federal funds to their states. In view of the divergence between generally accepted views and the findings produced by qualitative analysis, it is clear that qualitative methods are an invaluable tool in theory construction and highlighting promising avenues of inquiry. 相似文献
865.
866.
867.
868.
I. Introduction
The opinion evidence of experts is an exception to the general rule that witnesses can only give evidence of that which they have seen or heard and may not give evidence of inferences which arise from their observations and from that which they have heard. 相似文献
The opinion evidence of experts is an exception to the general rule that witnesses can only give evidence of that which they have seen or heard and may not give evidence of inferences which arise from their observations and from that which they have heard. 相似文献
869.
870.
Andrew Koppelman 《Ratio juris》2013,26(4):523-537
What moral commitments do we manifest when we make claims upon one another? The practice of claiming is inescapable, and so any normative presuppositions of that practice are similarly inescapable (at least on pain of self‐contradiction). This inquiry thus promises an Archimedian point from which to address intractable moral disagreements in modern society. Whatever we happen to differ about, we can be shown to agree about these premises, and therefore to share commitment to whatever can be derived from these premises. The most prominent developer of this approach is Jürgen Habermas, who has sought to ground, inter alia, religious and cultural rights on this basis. I will argue that the strategy cannot resolve disagreement in the way Habermas hopes, and that this has been shown, perhaps inadvertently, by Stephen Darwall, who for very different reasons seeks to work out the premises of the practice of claiming (and who never discusses Habermas). Darwall has no apparent interest in finding a universally convincing basis for resolving moral controversies. He seeks to address, not the practical problems of a pluralistic society, but some specialized, albeit important, questions of metaethics, having to do with what kind of entity a moral claim is 1 1 These are the focus of a symposium on Darwall's book The Second Person Standpoint (Darwall 2006) in Ethics 118 (Oct. 2007). To avoid misunderstanding: I am not here attempting a comprehensive comparison of Darwall and Habermas, but only juxtaposing their views on a single important issue.
. Both Habermas and Darwall think that discourse presupposes a kind of respect among persons. Darwall, however, shows that respect is too fluid, and takes too many possible forms, to ground any but the most trivial specific moral claims. 相似文献
. Both Habermas and Darwall think that discourse presupposes a kind of respect among persons. Darwall, however, shows that respect is too fluid, and takes too many possible forms, to ground any but the most trivial specific moral claims. 相似文献