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101.
The Use of Laser Microdissection in Forensic Sexual Assault Casework: Pros and Cons Compared to Standard Methods 下载免费PDF全文
Sergio Costa M.Sc. Paulo Correia‐de‐Sá M.D. Ph.D. Maria J. Porto Ph.D. Laura Cainé Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(4):998-1006
Sexual assault samples are among the most frequently analyzed in a forensic laboratory. These account for almost half of all samples processed routinely, and a large portion of these cases remain unsolved. These samples often pose problems to traditional analytic methods of identification because they consist most frequently of cell mixtures from at least two contributors: the victim (usually female) and the perpetrator (usually male). In this study, we propose the use of current preliminary testing for sperm detection in order to determine the chances of success when faced with samples which can be good candidates to undergo analysis with the laser microdissection technology. Also, we used laser microdissection technology to capture fluorescently stained cells of interest differentiated by gender. Collected materials were then used for DNA genotyping with commercially available amplification kits such as Minifiler, Identifiler Plus, NGM, and Y‐Filer. Both the methodology and the quality of the results were evaluated to assess the pros and cons of laser microdissection compared with standard methods. Overall, the combination of fluorescent staining combined with the Minifiler amplification kit provided the best results for autosomal markers, whereas the Y‐Filer kit returned the expected results regardless of the used method. 相似文献
102.
Serena Maria Curti M.D. Francesco Lupariello M.D. Elena Coppo M.D. Evan Julian Praznik B.S. Sara Simona Racalbuto Psy.D. Giancarlo Di Vella M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(5):1427-1437
The literature on child sexual abuse (CSA) perpetrated by female sexual offenders (FSOs) is exiguous, and many studies have focused on judicial databases. The present retrospective study, instead, analyzed clinical and judicial data of a group of both victims and alleged FSOs, to additionally include women who have not been convicted by the criminal justice system, but who hold strong clinical suspicions of being perpetrators of CSA. The medical records and the Court files of 11 children and their eight suspected FSOs have been collected and critically reviewed in light of the literature to date. This approach allowed for a deeper understanding of the relationship between child and FSO. The authors hypothesize that the victims’ severe psychopathological outcomes were a result of a failure to develop appropriate attachments with their prospective caregivers, which could have been damaged by the pathological relationship with FSOs, who were the victims’ caregivers. 相似文献
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Bernhard König Alexander Tipold Anna Gamper Nikolaus Pitkowitz Peter Feyl Gunter Ertl 《Juristische Bl?tter》2008,130(5):336-340
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
106.
Maria T. Brouwer 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2008,26(1):11-26
Horizontal mergers can be challenged by anti trust authorities under both the US and EU Horizontal Merger Guidelines. More
horizontal mergers are unconditionally approved in the US than in the EU. EU merger policy toughened after 1998 but became
more in line with US practices after 2004. Differences in merger policies between the US and the EU can be explained by a
greater scope of the efficiency argument in the US. The paper argues that firms only want to merge in oligopoly, if they expect
to realize substantial merger specific efficiency gains, which counterbalances the price increasing effect of merger.
相似文献
107.
Anna Stewart Hennessey Hayes Michael Livingston Gerard Palk 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2008,4(4):357-380
Restorative justice conferencing for young offenders is firmly established in Australian juvenile justice, and legislated
conferencing schemes are operating in all Australian states and territories. While there is some variation in the terms used
to describe restorative justice conferences (e.g., family group conferencing, family conferencing, or youth justice conferencing),
there is much more consistency in how the conferencing process is managed across Australian jurisdictions. In Queensland youth
justice conferencing is a process that brings together an offender, the victim and their supporters to discuss the harm caused
by the offending behaviour and provide the young person with an opportunity to take responsibility for his or her behaviour
and make amends. This paper begins by briefly sketching the development of restorative justice conferencing in Queensland
and describes the Juvenile Justice Simulation Model (JJSM), a micro-simulation model developed for criminal justice policy
analysis in Queensland, Australia. We use this micro-simulation model to conduct an experimental exploration of the effects
that youth justice conferencing has on system-wide outcomes for indigenous young people. The model simulates the impact of
interventions up until 2011 on the number of finalised youth justice court appearances. Our results indicate that youth justice
conferencing is unlikely to reduce the over-representation of indigenous young people in the juvenile justice system. The
simulations demonstrated that, by the 2011, youth justice conferencing would result in a 12.5% decrease in finalised court
appearances. Unfortunately, this decrease was more apparent for non-indigenous young people (13.7% decrease in court appearances)
than for indigenous young people, who had a 10.5% decrease in court appearances. This differential impact of conferencing
is due to the different court appearance profiles between indigenous and non-indigenous young offenders, with indigenous young
people initiating offending at an earlier age and offending more frequently than non-indigenous young offenders. 相似文献
108.
Anna A. Amirkhanyan Stephen B. Holt Austin M. McCrea Kenneth J. Meier 《Public administration review》2019,79(1):69-81
Although demographic diversity has been of paramount concern to researchers and practitioners in public management, studies exploring managerial strategies to capitalize on and respond to the needs of diverse client populations are scarce. This article examines strategies for managing diversity as a way to buffer environmental challenges in service delivery and performance resulting from heterogeneous client demands. Findings suggest that administrators prioritize diversity efforts when faced with higher levels of regulatory violations (a performance measure). A higher percentage of black residents is associated with lower service quality. However, the effect of managerial strategies for diversity on performance is conditioned by the racial composition of the clients: as the percentage of black nursing home residents increases, diversity management efforts are associated with a lower number of regulatory violations. Similarly, at higher levels of racial heterogeneity, diversity management efforts are associated with fewer regulatory violations. 相似文献
109.
Maria Teresa Grasso Stephen Farrall Emily Gray Colin Hay Will Jennings 《Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties》2019,29(2):199-221
The role of political socialization in explaining disengagement from specific modes of activism beyond voting remains largely unexplored, limited to date by available data and methods. While most previous studies have tended to propose explanations for disengagement linked to specific repertoires of political action, we propose a unified theory based on the different socialization experiences of subsequent generations. We test this theory using a new dataset of collated waves of the British Social Attitudes Survey and by applying age–period–cohort models for repeated cross-sectional data and generalized additive models to identify generational effects. We show that generational effects underlie the participatory decline across repertoires. Consistent with our expectations, the results reveal that the generation of “Thatcher’s Children” are much less likely to engage in a range of repertoires of political action than “Wilson/Callaghan’s Children”, who came of age in the more politicized 1960s and 1970s. Significantly, and in line with our theoretical expectations, the “Blair’s Babies” generation is the least politically engaged of all. We reflect on these findings and highlight the concerning implications of falling levels of activism for advanced democracies. 相似文献
110.
A common theme of research on participatory democracy and citizen engagement centres on the need for empirical studies that conduct a deep exploration of the nuances and complexities of these processes. This article offers a distinct response to this need through an examination of two ethnographic case studies of a participatory budgeting process in a multilingual, highly diverse community in which Spanish-speaking Latino immigrants were involved. By analyzing participants discourse from the case studies, the findings highlight the risks and rewards of reframing participatory processes as design decisions rather than static procedures. 相似文献