Patterned imprint mark due to the folded shoulder stock: A possible finding in contact shots from submachine guns

The muzzle imprint (barrel mark) is a pressure abrasion typically associated with contact shots. Apart from the contours of the actual muzzle profile, other constructional parts such as the front sight and/or the recoil spring guide of semiautomatic pistols may be imprinted next to the bullet entrance wound. In some types of submachine guns the shoulder stock can be folded forward so that its end partly encircles the muzzle. If such a weapon was in contact with the skin at the instant of discharge, a corresponding contusion mark is to be expected. The imprint configuration may point to the type of weapon and to the way in which the gun had been held when firing the shot. The paper presents the injury pattern in a 36-year-old man who committed suicide with a Scorpion SA Vz 61 submachine gun cal. 7.65 mm Browning from former Czechoslovakia.     

1893–1993: FromLa Donna Delinquente to a postmodern deconstruction of the ‘Woman question’ in social control theory

Résumé Dans cet article l'auteur esquisse une réponse à la question suivante:” Qu'y a-t-il de nouveau dans les épistémologies, les théories ou les paradigmes que orientent les analyses sur la criminalisation des femmes et leur traitement par le système pénal? L'analyse présentée se fonde sur un examen extensif des travaux portant sur “la question des femmes” produits par des chercheurs-es au Canada, entre 1964 et 1992. La première partie brosse un portrait des thèmes et des perspectives théoriques ayant marqué les études criminologiques sur les femmes de 1964 à 1988. Dans la seconde partie, l'auteure ouvre plus largement sa réflexion aux travaux portant sur les femmes et le contr?le social, de 1988 à 1992. Dans la dernière partie, trois avenues théoriques prometteuses sont mises de l'avant: le constructivisme, la perspective du point de vue des femmes (standpoint) et le postmodernisme.      

Changing the Debate About “Success” in Conflict Resolution Efforts

This essay outlines a conceptual framework for discussing success in interactive conflict resolution and in conflict resolution efforts more generally. It first proposes reasons why evaluation is crucial for improving practice. An overview of the new framework and its development are then presented. This gives the reader a window into its construction and some of the challenges of evaluation in conflict intervention processes. Next, the uses of the framework are explained as well as how its use helps to change the debate about successful processes. Finally, this article discusses how the theoretician, practitioner, and researcher-evaluator can use this framework for their own purposes, and how evaluating processes based upon their goals helps to improve the theory, practice, and research of the field.     

The Potential of Cosmetic Applicators as a Source of DNA for Forensic Analysis

Personal products, such as toothbrushes, have been used as both known reference and evidentiary samples for forensic DNA analysis. This study examined the viability of a broad selection of cosmetic applicators for use as targets for human DNA extraction and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis using standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions. Applicator types included eyeliner smudgers, pencils and crayons, eye shadow sponges, mascara wands, concealer wands, face makeup sponges, pads and brushes, lipsticks and balms, and lip gloss wands. The quantity and quality of DNA extracted from each type of applicator were examined by assessing the number of loci successfully amplified and the peak balance of the heterozygous alleles in each full STR profile. While degraded DNA, stochastic amplification, and PCR inhibition were observed for some items, full STR profiles were developed for 14 of 76 applicators. The face makeup sponge applicators yielded the highest proportional number of full STR profiles (4/7).     

侦查指挥构造的法理解析

侦查指挥构造是侦查体制的核心和枢纽,其核心是决策和组织,具有明显的对抗性。刑事侦查指挥构造不仅仅指刑事侦查指挥的范式,还应当包括这种范式下侦查权和指挥管理权的运作方式。在组成体系上,由侦查决策、侦查组织、侦查实施和侦查协调等子系统组成。从结构分析视角而言,侦查指挥关系包括侦查指挥主体、客体和内容三项要素。一个国家侦查指挥模式的型塑与该国特定的政治经济制度、司法传统和社会文化背景等社会大环境是密切相关的。     

Motherhood as the Value of Labour

This article concerns migrant domestic labour. It departs from existing analyses of such labour by examining the place of workers' mobility and workers' intimate life histories in the valorisation of migrant domestic labour. Drawing on insights from the literature on the autonomy of migration and on affective labour, this article argues that migrant domestic workers' status as mobile bodies infused with affective histories of maternal care is critical in the constitution of a market for their labour. This history endows migrant domestic workers' labour with unprecedented value, not least because the worker is expected to exude the affects of motherhood authentically in the home of her employer. The analysis forwarded here demands a new understanding of the operations of global care chains and transnational motherhood.