Homophobia and the Transition to Adulthood: A Three Year Panel Study among Belgian Late Adolescents and Young Adults, 2008–2011

Studies on homophobia among adolescents routinely depart from the assumption that this attitude will be continued into adulthood. However, little research has been conducted on how the transition toward adulthood actually affects homophobia. While earlier studies relied on cross-sectional observations, the present analysis makes use of the Belgian Political Panel Survey (2008-2011), tracking 2,815 respondents (52?% female, 48?% male) between the ages of 18 and 21. A conditional change model shows that while men had substantially higher levels of homophobia than women to begin with, this difference grew even larger throughout the observation period. The discrepancy between Muslim respondents and those with other religions became larger as well. Overall, the gender and religious differences already present in adolescence had become further polarized at the end of the observation period. Friendship relations with persons with a different sexual orientation, on the other hand, significantly reduced prejudice, especially among men, while the results also show that changes in the level of homophobia are related strongly to conservative views on gender roles. We conclude that groups that already display high levels of homophobia during adolescence are likely to grow even more extreme in their views in the transition to adulthood.     

Do Peers Matter in the Development of Self-Control? Evidence from a Longitudinal Study of Youth

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi??s self-control theory, child and adolescent variation in self-control results primarily from variations in parental socialization. Although much research reveals a link between parenting and self-control, many recent studies indicate that the etiology of self-control is more complex than what has been theoretically specified. In further considering this issue, the current study first presents a theoretical model that emphasizes the role that peers may play in the development of self-control, even when accounting for the influence of parents. Next, we empirically assess the extent to which peer behavior influences self-control during childhood. The data come from a sample of U.S. families (n?=?776); 48% of the subjects are male, their age was 9?years, and non-Hispanic whites represented 84% of the sample. The analysis revealed that peer behavior is significantly associated with subsequent self-control, even after accounting for differences in parental socialization, prior self-control, and other potential sources of spuriousness. The implications of the findings for theory and future research are discussed.     

苏维埃俄国的计划经济(续)

正第三章五年计划下的经济发展与经济政策①第一节苏维埃经济彻底社会主义化的历程起初,国外并没有把五年计划当回事,仅将其当作一种宣传,意在激励人们工作。这种怀疑论走得太远了;当计划的内容在苏维埃俄国大多得以落实时,怀疑让位于震惊,在某些圈子里,及至痴迷。然而,彻底的怀疑与过度的痴迷一样,都是非理性的。但是,怀疑论者有一点是对的:一眼就能看出,计划的巨额投资并没有带来一般生活水准的同步改善。同时,不要忘记,掌控所有资源、以     

Risk assessment and suicide prevention in primary care

General practitioners (GPs) are assumed to occupy an important position in the prevention of suicide through the introduction of risk assessment techniques commonly used in psychiatric practice. Despite this theoretical role for primary care services, it remains unclear how frequently GPs implement risk assessment in patients who may be vulnerable to suicide. To address this, a retrospective survey of probable suicides was conducted within a primary care setting utilizing a questionnaire of GPs who had experienced a patient suicide and was augmented by hospital and coroners' records. 85% of questionnaires were returned and 61 deaths were adjudged as suicides during the year long census period. 75% of suicides were male and 54% were aged under 35.28% were in contact with psychiatric services prior to death, although 60% had some diagnosis of mental disorder. GPs had little knowledge of a patient's life circumstances in up to half of cases. Recording of risk assessment occurred in 38% of subjects, was positively associated with prior psychiatric contact (p = 0.001) but negatively associated with presence of physical illness (p = 0.004), older patient age (p = 0.04), and GPs length in practice (p = 0.05). One GP felt their suicide case was preventable. The low rate of risk assessment and limited knowledge of patient lifestyle point to the need for active engagement of GPs in future suicide prevention strategies and should influence the content of training programs in primary care.     

历史主义的解释学问题

在19世纪,除了浪漫主义的解释学外,还有历史主义的解释学。它们之间的一个重要的联结点是解释学循环。除此之外,二者的密切关系在其师承和道统方面。布克、德罗伊森和狄尔泰三人的思想代表了西方19世纪下半叶解释学的一个重要的特点,那就是突出与人文科学的联系,这是以历史意识的逐步确立为中介的,但是他们,尤其是德罗伊森和狄尔泰最终都没能摆脱历史的局限。     

中国走出危机的经验与俄中合作

中国和俄罗斯都经受了国际金融危机的冲击,中国以拉动内需、稳定社会、结构调整为主旨的反危机措施取得显著成效,抵御和摆脱危机的经验值得俄借鉴。俄罗斯能源依赖型增长模式受金融危机重挫,经济结构调整势在必行,创新经济是走出危机和经济复兴的根本途径。中国和俄罗斯的经济结构调整战略为两国未来合作提供了广阔空间。     

印尼农业的技术效率和远期生产增益

一、引言本文目的是评定印尼粮食经济今后能否借助农户技术效率的提高来增大生产效益。下面我们将检验关于种值水稻和杂粮作物(木茨、花生和豆类)的印尼农场抽样样本的技术效率。此外,我们也将评估技术效率、农场规模和农场位置的关系。     

破伤风病的治疗

本文报道应用3％结晶石炭酸溶液治愈患破伤风病的一匹马和四只羊。 病马为七岁奥尔洛夫公马。检查时未发现伤口,碰敲声、明亮的光照、马的嘶叫声、触诊和其他刺激都能使病马除嚼肌以外的所有骨骼肌产生痉挛性收缩性反应。病马站立一两天后突然跌倒,四肢呈强直状,而头颈部则向脊背后仰,不能自主地站立。