对司法鉴定协会推行技术仲裁之论证

自黑龙江省2003年成立全国第一家司法鉴定人协会以来,全国绝大部分省均已陆续成立了省级司法鉴定协会。司法鉴定协会的传统作用和通常可预期的作用不外乎以下方面：业务指导和培训、学术交流、业务交流和调研、对外交流、信息共享、纪律约束和奖惩、会员维权、竞业协调、行业间协调、与相关国家机关间的协调、制订行业标准和技术规范、立法咨询、信誉等级评价、社会慈善。笔者认为,除了以上作用以外,司法鉴定协会还有更大的空间发挥其技术和社会团体的优势,至少在处理信访和投诉,减少重新鉴定率方面可以有明显的作为。     

Sequencing of mitochondrial DNA and the problem of human specificity

When analysing trace materials and degraded DNA the issue of human specificity is highly important. Especially when it comes down to the analysis of mitochondrial DNA which is extremely susceptible to contamination authenticity is the main question. Therefore in the presented study mitochondrial primers were tested on their human specificity. In all cases it was possible to amplify DNA of animals with human mt-primers. These unintentional amplifications could only be decreased by choosing austere PCR parameters. The study implies the importance of comprehensive evaluation of primers, chemicals and PCR parameters.     

Optimization of the separation of organic explosives by capillary electrophoresis with artificial neural networks

The separation of 12 explosives by capillary electrophoresis was optimized with the aid of artificial neural networks (ANNs). The selectivity of the separation was manipulated by varying the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the pH of the electrolyte, while maintaining the buffer concentration at 10 mM borate. The concentration of SDS and the electrolyte pH were used as input variables and the mobility of the explosives were used as output variables for the ANN. In total, eight experiments were performed based on a factorial design to train a variety of artificial neural network architectures. A further three experiments were required to train ANN architectures to adequately model the experimental space. A product resolution response surface was constructed based on the predicted mobilities of the best performing ANN. This response surface pointed to two optima; pH 9.0-9.1 and 60-65 mM SDS, and pH 8.4-8.6 and 50-60 mM SDS. Separation of all 12 explosives was achieved at the second optimum. The separation was further improved by changing the capillary to an extended cell detection window and reducing the diameter of the capillary from 75 microm to 50 microm. This provided a more efficient separation without compromising detection sensitivity.