试论违约责任中定金、违约金、赔偿损失的竞合与适用

本文从违约责任的一般理论入手 ,着重论述了违约责任中定金、违约金、赔偿损失责任形式之间的关系 ,旨在解决现实生活中三者如何具体运用、能否一并适用等法律问题 ,分析了在适用三者的过程中应注意的几个问题。     

Identification of forensically important sarcophagid flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in China, based on COI and 16S rDNA gene sequences

Insects attracted to cadavers may provide important indications of the postmortem interval (PMI). However, use of the flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) for PMI estimation is limited as the species are often not morphologically distinct, especially as immatures. In this study, 23 forensically important flesh flies were collected from 13 locations in 10 Chinese provinces. Then, a 278-bp segment of the cytochrome oxidase subunits one (COI) gene and a 289-bp segment of the 16S rDNA gene of all specimens were successfully sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced segments showed that all sarcophagid specimens were properly assigned into four species (Boerttcherisca peregrina [Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830], Helicophagella melanura [Meigen, 1826], Parasarcophaga albiceps [Meigen, 1826], and Parasarcophaga dux [Thompson, 1869]) with relatively strong supporting values, thus indicating that the COI and 16S rDNA regions are suitable for identification of sarcophagid species. The difference between intraspecific threshold and interspecific divergence confirmed the potential of the two regions for sarcophagid species identification.     

Analysis and application of relationship between post-braking-distance and throw distance in vehicle-pedestrian accident reconstruction

Through theoretical analysis and introduction of some empirical parameters, the relationship between post-braking-distance and throw distance was studied concentratedly. Here, the post-braking-distance is the distance a vehicle will travel from the impact position to when it comes to a complete stop. Two useful formulas which are meaningful in vehicle-pedestrian accident reconstruction were finally obtained. The first one can be used to calculate impact speed according to throw distance, while the other one can describe the relationship between post-braking-distance and throw distance. Their feasibility has been validated by comparing with other scholars' empirical formulas and simulation results of software Pc-Crash, respectively. The relationship between post-braking-distance and throw distance has very bright application perspective in vehicle-pedestrian accident reconstruction such as helping policemen obtain more useful evidences, validating credibility of the throw distance, judging whether the vehicle is fully braked or not, determining the impact position etc. Finally its application was demonstrated by three cases, in which the impact speed was also calculated. All results until now have shown that conclusions obtained in this article are feasible and helpful in vehicle-pedestrian accident reconstruction.     

中国环境民事公益诉讼的检察担当

在环境污染日益严重的情势下,我国越来越多的地方检察机关以原告身份提起了环境民事公益诉讼,与此同时,我国民事诉讼立法在环境公益诉讼制度上的缺失问题也日益凸显。笔者认为,检察机关提起环境民事公益诉讼具有法理依据,域外国家和地区亦具有可资借鉴的成功经验。我国民事诉讼立法应及时予以修改以作出积极回应,建立环境民事公益诉讼制度,明确赋予检察机关提起此类诉讼的主体资格,同时,应当厘清检察机关的环境民事公益诉权与其他环境受害人民事诉权之间的关系,并对环境民事公益诉讼案件的可调解性或可合意性以及诉讼费用等具体问题作出规范。     

隐私权保障三论

隐私权是近年来发展较快的一项人格权,受到各国以及国际社会的普遍重视,但我国对隐私权的关注和研究起步较晚,在理论与实践中有许多问题亟需澄清。有必要从比较的视野研究域外隐私权的保障依据、保障界限以及保障模式,目的是在比较和借鉴中为中国隐私权保障的制度建构提供理论基础,并结合中国的国情提出完善的建议。     

浅析农村养老保险中农村集体的作用

农村集体是农民生活中的重要组织,一直以来都在农村管理和服务等方面发挥着难以替代的作用。目前,无论从理论上还是从实践上看,农村集体在建立农村养老保险制度方面也应该发挥一定的积极作用,但由于我国农村集体存在诸如职能混乱、经济能力日渐衰退等问题,难以为农村养老保险制度的建立提供有效的支持。本文主要分析了农村集体的现状及其在建立农村养老保险中的作用,同时提出了增强农村集体作用的相关建议。     

后Trips协议时代的国际贸易和知识产权规则

在WTO时代,正确地认识到知识产权保护发展的两个方面很重要,即：当多边知识产权保护协议的谈判陷入僵局时,就将知识产权问题与双边贸易协议挂钩,双边自由贸易协定（即FTAs）的大量出现就是例证;当多边贸易协议的谈判陷入僵局时就将知识产权问题的与贸易协议脱钩,签订了最新的反假冒贸易协议（即ACTA）。     

基于“脆弱性-能力”综合视角的公共安全评价框架:形成与范式

国际社会的公共安全评估框架在不断发展之中,从单独的脆弱性视角或能力视角进行公共安全评价,到形成较为完善的公共安全评价的脆弱性-能力综合视角,大体经历了三个过程。本文阐述了在脆弱性-能力综合视角下的公共安全评价主要研究内容,以及该评价框架的范式与应用。脆弱性-能力综合视角的评价框架研究,把质性研究与定量方法相结合,从脆弱性和应对能力综合的视角出发,通过引入系统动力学,提出了一种公共安全与公共危机管理动态评价的新思路,构建了一个公共安全与公共危机管理的动态评价和识别框架,为公共安全评价工具和方法提供新的视角和前提。     

高校家庭经济困难学生社团育人新机制研究——以新长城华南师范大学自强社为例

随着高校学生资助工作的深入推进,如何更好地将资助与育人相结合是摆在学生工作者面前现实而具体的问题.新长城华南师范大学自强社3年(2007～2010年)的实践证明:建立高校家庭经济困难学生社团,发挥社团育人功能,构建社团实践育人、情感育人、激励育人及资助环境育人等机制,是实现资助与育人相结合的有效途径之一.     

石家庄地区夏秋季常见嗜尸性昆虫群落演替规律

目的研究石家庄地区常见嗜尸性昆虫种类及其群落演替。方法观察法研究2007—2009年夏秋季放置在同一地点的9只家兔尸体上常见嗜尸性昆虫的种群演替。结果该地区家兔尸体上出现常见双翅目3科4属9种,主要有蝇科的家蝇、厩腐蝇、开普黑蝇、厚环黑蝇;丽蝇科的丝光绿蝇、大头金蝇,麻蝇科的棕尾别麻蝇、肥须亚麻蝇、黑尾黑麻蝇。鞘翅目5科11种,主要有埋葬甲科的大黑葬甲、Silpha carinata（Herbst）、大负葬甲、Ptomascopus morio（Kraatz）、双色葬甲;蜣螂科的金龟子;步甲科的毛婪步甲和蠋步甲;拟步甲科的细土潜;隐翅甲科的大黑隐翅虫、小隐翅虫。膜翅目2科2种,蚁科的路舍蚁;胡蜂科的墨胸胡蜂。结论该地区嗜尸性蝇类群落演替明显,嗜尸性昆虫有地域特征。研究结果可作为石家庄地区对尸体进行死亡时间推断的依据。