Mass, NMR and IR spectroscopic characterization of pentedrone and pentylone and identification of their isocathinone by-products

This study presents and discusses the mass spectrometric, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and infrared spectroscopic data of the designer drugs pentedrone (2-methylamino-1-phenylpentan-1-one) and its methylenedioxy analog pentylone (2-methylamino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)pentan-1-one). The structure elucidation of the aliphatic parts was carried out by product ion spectroscopy of the immonium ion with m/z=86 formed after electron ionization, and by one- and two-dimensional (1)H- and (13)C-NMR spectroscopy on the hydrochloride salts to verify the structure of the alkyl side chain and to determine the methylenedioxy position in the aromatic ring of pentylone. Furthermore, two typical cathinone synthesis by-products were detected besides the main compounds. Their mass spectra are discussed and for one of them (1-methylamino-1-phenylpentan-2-one (isopentedrone)) a NMR assignment was possible in the existing mixture.     

Identifying Insanity Acquittals: Is It Any Easier?

Law and Human Behavior - Following the highly publicized insanity acquittal of John Hinckley in 1982, legislators throughout the country attempted to reform the insanity defense. At the time,...     

The limits of the physician's secrecy duty in risk situations. Special reference to genetics]

This work deals with those conflict situations that arise between the duty of secrecy by health professionals and the interest in safekeeping the life and physical integrity of third parties when dealing with behaviours by the patient, whether intentional or not, that could harm or place in danger those legal goods. The special situations of conflict that could arise in the ambit of genetic diagnosis are dealt as a special problem.     

Scanning electron microscopy as an auxiliary method in the study of exhumed bones

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used in forensic science in many ways. The reports of cases in which SEM has been used as an auxiliary method in the investigation of exhumed bones are rare. In this article, we report an exhumation that was made to determine if a seized weapon could have been used in a homicide. We used SEM to analyze a fracture in the interior of the skull of the victim. The findings described in this article showed us that it is possible to develop new researches in this field.     

The 'Culture' of Exclusion: Representations of Indigenous Women Street Vendors in Tijuana, Mexico

Representations of indigenous women vendors are contrasted with the ways indigenous women see themselves. Some images are openly hostile, whereas others discriminate against these women through a form of paternalistic love. For example, the understanding of indigenous women as outsiders from different social spaces and deviants from middle-class gender norms suggests that they are 'undeserving poor' whose interests should not be considered. On the other hand, the concept of indigenous 'culture,' as defined and shaped by some non-Indian academics, has further marginalized Tijuana's indigenous migrants. While defending the right of indigenous migrants to use public spaces, academics have characterized manifestations of poverty as the traditions of this ethnic group.