近视者最佳矫正视力与屈光参数间的相关性

目的 探究近视者最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)与屈光参数等相关指标之间的相关性.方法 选取2274例(4245眼)不同程度近视者,检测近视者的BCVA和球镜屈光度(diopter ofspherical,DS)、柱镜屈光度(diopter of cylinder,DC...     

中央政府西藏工作方略的丰富和发展——中央第五次西藏工作座谈会精神管窥

西藏是祖国西南边陲具有重要战略地位的省级民族区域自治地方。中央政府对西藏工作始终高度重视,1980年以来已先后召开过四次西藏工作座谈会,每一次会议都针对当时西藏工作面临的形势和突出问题进行研究,明确重大政策,做出战略部署。2010年1月,中央政府又召开了第五次西藏工作座谈会(以下简     

A Cross-National Analysis of the Mediating Effect of Economic Deprivation on Crime

This study develops and tests a model of economic deprivation and crime using data from 52 nations for the years 1995–1999. The model, centering on the role of absolute and relative economic deprivation in mediating crime, predicts that social change causes variation in economic deprivation, which, in turn, leads to variation in crime rates. The results show that the relative deprivation variable, income inequality, mediates a large portion of the effects of two social change variables, population growth and urbanization, on homicide, while one of the absolute deprivation variables, GDP, transmits a great part of the effects of social change variables on theft. Both social change variables were found to have a weak direct connection to homicide and theft rates. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.     

Differentiating cause-of-death terminology for deaths coded as sudden infant death syndrome, accidental suffocation, and unknown cause: an investigation using US death certificates, 2003-2004

We compared written text on infant death certificates for deaths coded as sudden infant death syndrome (R95), unknown cause (R99), and accidental suffocation (W75). Using US mortality files supplemented with the death certifiers' written text for all infant deaths with International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 assigned codes R95, R99, and W75, we formed cause-of-death subcategories from common themes identified from the written text. Among all infant deaths in 2003-2004, the underlying cause of death was listed as R99 for 2128 deaths, R95 for 4408 deaths, and W75 for 931 deaths. Among the postneonatal deaths, the differences in subcategories varied between assigned ICD-10 codes: for R99-coded deaths, 45.8% were categorized as "Unknown" and 48.6% as "Pending"; for R95-coded deaths, 67.7% were categorized as "sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)"; and for W75-coded deaths, 76.4% were categorized as "Suffocation." Examination of the written text on the death certificates demonstrates variability in the assigned ICD-10 codes which could have an important effect on the estimates of SIDS cases in the United States.     

The links between religiosity, childhood sexual abuse, and subsequent marijuana use: an empirical inquiry of a sample of female college students

A number of studies indicate that childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has a negative impact on later psychological well-being. It is well documented that experiences of CSA are associated with depression, self-destructiveness, and subsequent substance abuse or alcohol consumption. Compared with women who experienced no such sexual abuse in childhood, women who were victims of sexual abuse in childhood were more likely to be depressed and use drugs or consume alcohol in later life. Analyzing data of 1,569 females derived from the "Longitudinal Study of Violence Against Women," this study examines whether the strain caused by sexual victimization leads to a higher level of subsequent marijuana use and whether religiosity moderates the negative effects of CSA. It was found that CSA was associated with an increased level of marijuana use in high school. However, more proximate sexual victimization (victimization in college) seemed to override the impact of CSA on subsequent marijuana use. Religiosity was found to moderate the effect of CSA on marijuana use in high school. Religiosity was negatively associated with marijuana use in high school as well as the second and fourth collegiate years. Policy implications and promising directions for future research are discussed.     

The incidence of drugs of impairment in oral fluid from random roadside testing

Oral fluid (OF) has become a popular specimen to test for presence of drugs, particularly in regards to road safety. In Victoria, OF specimens from drivers have been used to test for the presence of methylamphetamine (MA) and Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) since 2003 and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) since 2006. LC-MS/MS has been used to test the most recent 853 submitted OF specimens from Victoria Police for 31 drugs of abuse including those listed in the Australian Standard AS4760-2006. At least one proscribed drug was detected in 96% of drivers, of which MA was the most common (77%), followed by THC (42%), MDMA (17%) and the combination of all three (3.9%). Opioids were detected in 14% of drivers of which 4.8% were positive for 6-acetylmorphine and 3.3% for methadone. The incidence of the opioids tramadol (1.2%) and oxycodone (1.1%) were relatively low. Cocaine (8.0%) was as commonly detected as benzodiazepines (8.0%), and was almost always found in combination with MA (7.9%). Samples positive to benzodiazepines were largely due to diazepam (3.5%) and alprazolam (3.4%), with only 0.2% of drivers combining the two. Ketamine was also detected in 1.5% of cases. While the incidences of the proscribed drugs itself are concerning, it is clear that many drivers are also using other drugs capable of causing impairment.     

NGO在公共卫生服务中的角色分析

公共卫生服务是公共服务的内容之一。虽然公共卫生服务主要是政府的职责,但也是可以通过多种组织形态来提供的。本文分析了国家级NGO参与公共卫生项目的数量、比例和领域,提出了公共卫生服务中NGO的补充角色及其具体体现,包括在人力资源、资金、特殊领域和内容、特殊地区和人群以及服务模式探索等方面的补充作用,并从筹资和服务两个方面总结了NGO参与的方式。基于此,作者提出NGO和政府在公共卫生领域良性互动的模式。     

试论高校“大思政”教育模式及其构建——以上海政法学院为例

基于＂大思政＂教育观构建的＂大思政＂教育模式具有强烈的现实针对性。与传统思政教育模式相比较,＂大思政＂教育模式在人员上具有全员参与性、在时空上具有广延性、在教育内容上具有针对性和开放性以及在教育方法和手段上具有＂现实平台＂与＂虚拟平台＂的互补性等四种特性,其构建需要树立＂以人为本＂的思想政治教育理念、教育者首先受教育以及在教育过程中和受教育者互动的理念以及＂知、信＂相统一且落实于＂行＂的理念。     

打高尔夫的粉装丽人

女子打高尔夫的姿态是很美的,短裙高袜,束腰长发,挥竿伸臂的瞬间,展示了最活泼和最激情的霎那.但去过的几家高尔夫球场.见到打球的人多是男性,颇有些想不通.我就此曾同一位<高尔夫>杂志的编辑探讨过,他不无幽默地说大概女子都在写字楼或厨房里忙吧,没功夫出来打球.偶然在古玩店里得了一件民国时期的彩瓷蜜粉盒,盒上的图案为景德镇刷画工艺,画中两位穿旗袍的仕女正在打高尔夫球,这在瓷器上倒是少见的情景,但它却证明了从高尔夫进入中国的那天起,球场上就不难见到粉装丽人.……     

核阴影下的伊朗与海湾阿拉伯国家关系

伊朗与海湾阿拉伯国家结怨已久,但在伊拉克战争后,双方关系拉近,并不断改善.随着伊朗核危机态势的发展,伊朗和海湾阿拉伯国家的关系获得新机遇.这一关系的变化给美国对中东战略带来挑战,也给本地区以美国为主导的地缘政治格局带来冲击.无论是伊朗核问题的前景,还是伊朗与海湾阿拉伯国家关系未来的发展,都面临很多不确定性.