在蚀斑减少中和试验和放射免疫扩散试验中正常牛血清对口蹄疫病毒的交叉反应

摘要 曾用蚀斑减少中和技术和放射免疫扩散技术对150头非已知接触口蹄疫病毒的牛血清进行了检验,以估价在这些试验中交叉反应的意义和程度。对采自五个地区每个地区30头牛的血清,用7个型中各型有代表性的口蹄疫病毒进行检验。在特定的组群血清中,用放射免疫扩散技术和蚀斑减少中和技术发现在同一时间中均 有交叉反应的高水平。也看到用蚀斑减少中和技术对亚洲、南非Ⅰ、南非Ⅱ、南非Ⅲ型比对A、O或C型毒交叉反应的水平高,而用放射兔疫扩散技术对南非Ⅱ和南非Ⅲ型交叉反应水平也较高。对大多数血清反应的表现是颇为特异性的;已知血清往往仅同一或二种病毒有反应。     

A comparative study of young and adult deliberate self-harm patients

Research has shown that the prevalence of deliberate self-harm (DSH) is higher in adolescents than in adults, but little is known about other differences. In this study we compare adolescent and adult DSH-patients regarding factors contributing to the suicidal act. In two regions in Norway, 98 persons under 20 years of age and 83 older persons were interviewed following an act of DSH. They were compared regarding intentions involved in the DSH, precipitating circumstances, level of suicidal intent, medical seriousness of the act, depression, hopelessness, and self-esteem. Few differences were found. The adults more often wanted to escape from unbearable thoughts or situations, or to receive care and attention. Adults also reported a slightly higher level of medical seriousness of the DSH act, more psychiatric problems, and substance abuse. The similarities between young and adult DSH-patients are striking. The differences found are most likely related to factors of age itself, such as cognitive immaturity, impulsivity, and lack of experience in enduring problems.     

DNA typing: an accessory evidence in doping control

A clear positive case for anabolic steroids doping was confounded by alleged urine tampering during doping control procedures. Review of the chain of custody showed no flaws, but nevertheless the athlete was adamant that the urine sample should be analyzed for DNA in order to support her contention that she was not the donor of the sample. The results obtained showed that the urine sample that scored positive for steroids contained nuclear DNA that could not be matched to the DNA obtained from the athlete's blood. On the other hand, the same urine sample contained mitochondrial DNA whose nucleotide sequences spanning the hyper variable regions HV1 and HV2 proved to be identical to those determined in mitochondrial DNA amplified from the athlete's blood. The occurrence of an extraneous genotype is compatible with exogenous nuclear DNA admixture to the athlete's urine. Alternatively, taking in consideration the mitochondrial DNA, we could not exclude that a sibling or a maternal relative of the athlete could have acted as a donor of the urine utilized for doping control and DNA analysis. Both situations point to possible tampering of the urine by the athlete. Adjudication at CAS maintained previous national and international federation decision that there was no proof of a chain of custody flaw to justify the athlete's allegation of urine substitution after collection.